Abstract
ABSTRACT Increased grain yield can be obtained via an interaction between plants and growth-promoting microorganisms. The Bradyrhizobium spp. are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merril], and Azospirillum spp. induce the synthesis of phytohormones. The aim of this study was to evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage. Three soybean cultivars (BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 and BMX Potência), were tested in field experiments in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, during two agricultural years (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) and two sowing times. Morphological, nodulation and yield components were evaluated. Co-inoculation increased the grain yield by 240 kg ha-1 compared with conventional inoculation. When co-inoculated, cultivars BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 and BMX Potência showed increased grain yields of 6, 4 and 12%, respectively. The application of 150 kg ha-1 of N as a topdressing increased the grain yield by 300 kg ha-1 in the co-inoculated cultivars TEC 6029 and BMX Potência, but without a financial return. When inoculated only with Bradyrhizobium, the cultivars did not respond positively to the application of urea.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum brasilense increased soybean grain yield by 240 kg ha-1 compared with conventional inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe2 - Treatment
- Co-inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee2symbiont - Second interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume2symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 240 kg ha-1e1
- Comparator
- conventional inoculatione1
- Setting
- field experiments in Santa Maria, RS, Brazile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Co-inoculation increased the grain yield by 240 kg ha-1 compared with conventional inoculation”
e2“evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage”
e3“Three soybean cultivars (BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 and BMX Potência), were tested in field experiments in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, during two agricultural years”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculated cultivar BMX Ativa had a grain yield increase of 6%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe2
- Material
- BMX Ativae4
- Treatment
- co-inoculatede4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 6e4
- Qualifier
- 6, 4 and 12%, respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage”
e4“When co-inoculated, cultivars BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 and BMX Potência showed increased grain yields of 6, 4 and 12%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculated cultivar TEC 6029 had a grain yield increase of 4%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe2
- Material
- TEC 6029e4
- Treatment
- co-inoculatede4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 4e4
- Qualifier
- 6, 4 and 12%, respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage”
e4“When co-inoculated, cultivars BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 and BMX Potência showed increased grain yields of 6, 4 and 12%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculated cultivar BMX Potência had a grain yield increase of 12%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe2
- Material
- BMX Potênciae4
- Treatment
- co-inoculatede4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 12%e4
- Qualifier
- 6, 4 and 12%, respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage”
e4“When co-inoculated, cultivars BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 and BMX Potência showed increased grain yields of 6, 4 and 12%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Topdressing with 150 kg N ha-1 increased grain yield by 300 kg ha-1 in co-inoculated cultivars TEC 6029 and BMX Potência.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe2
- Material
- TEC 6029 and BMX Potênciae5
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha-1 of N as a topdressinge5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 300 kg ha-1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage”
e5“The application of 150 kg ha-1 of N as a topdressing increased the grain yield by 300 kg ha-1 in the co-inoculated cultivars TEC 6029 and BMX Potência, but without a financial return”
Claim · model-written summary
The topdressing with 150 kg N ha-1 gave no financial return.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha-1 of N as a topdressinge5
- Outcome
- financial returne5
- Qualifier
- withoute5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage”
e5“The application of 150 kg ha-1 of N as a topdressing increased the grain yield by 300 kg ha-1 in the co-inoculated cultivars TEC 6029 and BMX Potência, but without a financial return”
Claim · model-written summary
When inoculated only with Bradyrhizobium, soybean cultivars did not respond positively to urea application.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- application of ureae6
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume6symbiont
- Outcome
- respond positivelye6
- Direction
- did not respond positivelye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“evaluate inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense in soybeans in combination with the application a topdressing of 0, 75 or 150 kg of N ha-1 of urea during the reproductive stage”
e6“When inoculated only with Bradyrhizobium, the cultivars did not respond positively to the application of urea”
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