Abstract
Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity is severely limited by saline‐sodic soil conditions that occur in isolated spots in the river bottoms of western Kentucky. Productivity of soybeans grown on a gradient of soils of increasing saline‐sodic character were studied in greenhouse experiments. Soils with electrical conductivity (EC) exceeding 3.20 dS m −1 would not support soybean growth. Soybean plants accumulated significant quantities of Na when soil solution sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) exceeded 6.4 and relative tissue Na accumulation was highly correlated with SAR. Estimates of potential productivity were made by stomatal diffusive resistance measurements at three vegetative growth stages. Potential productivity was severely limited under conditions of high soil salinity. In soils of lower EC (< ≈ 2 dS m −1 ), soybean performance was affected to a greater extent by changes in SAR than by changes in EC. Dry matter production decreased with increasing SAR under low EC soil conditions. In a second experiment, saline‐sodic soil was amended with four rates of gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O), (0, 2.6, 6.0, and 12.9 g kg −1 ). Gypsum‐amended pots were leached until EC was < 3.0 dS m −1 . Plant dry matter production was minimized with the 2.6 g kg −1 amendment, which also produced plants with significantly reduced and negligible Na contents. At early growth stages (V4 and V7), stomatal diffusive resistance of plants grown on the gypsum‐amended soils was not affected by increasing SAR. Diffusive resistance measurements of large vegetative plants (V10) increased significantly at low soil solution SAR. The addition of gypsum apparently reduced the detrimental effects of physical impedence to root development and function in the poorly structured soil as well as soil solution SAR. The improved physical structure of the gypsum‐amended soil could improve root development, function, and crop productivity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soils above 3.20 dS m −1 electrical conductivity did not support soybean growth.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- soybean growthe0
- Value
- 3.20 dS m −1e0
- Qualifier
- electrical conductivity (EC) exceeding 3.20 dS m −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Soils with electrical conductivity (EC) exceeding 3.20 dS m −1 would not support soybean growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean accumulated significant sodium when soil solution SAR exceeded 6.4.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- quantities of Nae0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Setting
- soil solution sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) exceeded 6.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Soybean plants accumulated significant quantities of Na when soil solution sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) exceeded 6.4”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative soybean tissue sodium accumulation was highly correlated with SAR.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- relative tissue Na accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- SARe0
- Setting
- SARe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“relative tissue Na accumulation was highly correlated with SAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Potential soybean productivity was severely limited by high soil salinity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Potential productivitye0
- Direction
- severely limitede0
- Setting
- high soil salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Potential productivity was severely limited under conditions of high soil salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
At lower EC, changes in SAR affected soybean performance more than EC changes.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- soybean performancee0
- Direction
- affected to a greater extente0
- Value
- < ≈ 2 dS m −1e0
- Setting
- soils of lower ECe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“In soils of lower EC (< ≈ 2 dS m −1 ), soybean performance was affected to a greater extent by changes in SAR than by changes in EC”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter production decreased with increasing SAR under low EC.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Dry matter productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- low EC soil conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Dry matter production decreased with increasing SAR under low EC soil conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2.6 g kg −1 gypsum amendment minimized plant dry matter production.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2.6 g kg −1 amendmente0
- Outcome
- Plant dry matter productione0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Plant dry matter production was minimized with the 2.6 g kg −1 amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2.6 g kg −1 amendment produced plants with significantly reduced sodium content.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2.6 g kg −1 amendmente0
- Outcome
- Na contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the 2.6 g kg −1 amendment, which also produced plants with significantly reduced and negligible Na contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-stage stomatal resistance under gypsum amendment was not affected by increasing SAR.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- V4 and V7e0
- Outcome
- stomatal diffusive resistancee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Setting
- gypsum‐amended soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“At early growth stages (V4 and V7), stomatal diffusive resistance of plants grown on the gypsum‐amended soils was not affected by increasing SAR”
Claim · model-written summary
At V10, diffusive resistance increased significantly at low soil solution SAR.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- V10e0
- Outcome
- Diffusive resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- low soil solution SARe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Diffusive resistance measurements of large vegetative plants (V10) increased significantly at low soil solution SAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum apparently reduced adverse physical impedance and soil solution SAR.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- addition of gypsume0
- Outcome
- detrimental effects of physical impedence to root development and functione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“The addition of gypsum apparently reduced the detrimental effects of physical impedence to root development and function in the poorly structured soil as well as soil solution SAR”
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See all 87 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.