Abstract
The increasing the efficiency of phosphate and micronutrient fertilization in tropical soils should be better studied to close crop yield gaps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a soluble P source with or without humic acids (HA) and micronutrients (M) on P-availability and maize and soybean yield in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The crops were grown under a rainfed and no-till cropping system, with maize grown in the 2016/2017 rainy summer season, wheat grown as a cover crop in the 2017 winter season, and soybean grown in the 2017/2018 crop year. The field trial was organized in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement [4 sources of P in combination with 2 forms of M supply]. The coated monoammonium phosphate (MAP) P source was supplied in three ways: 1) MAP, 2) MAP + HA, and 3) MAP + HA + M (B, Cu, Mn, and Zn), plus a control for P (no P). The micronutrient supply was 1) Mn + Zn + Cu + B (MZCB) and 2) control for MZCB (no M supply). Coating MAP with HA increased soil P availability but did not increase P content within the soybean leaves. The multivariate approach also showed that soybean yield can increase in response to coating MAP with HA. The study showed that MAP + HA increased soil P content. However, this increase was diminished when micronutrients were included in the same granule (MAP + HA + M). However, P sources raised P in soybean leaves equally compared to control for P. Soybean yield was unaffected by the P source, likely due to adequate leaf P concentrations across all treatments. However, soybean yield generally increased with micronutrient supply. For maize, yields were unaffected by supplying micronutrients with the P source. Conversely, maize yields typically decreased with micronutrient supply, except when using the MAP + HA + M combination granule.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Coating MAP with HA increased soil P availability.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Coating MAP with HAe0
- Outcome
- soil P availabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and maize”
e0“Coating MAP with HA increased soil P availability but did not increase P content within the soybean leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating MAP with HA did not increase P content in soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Coating MAP with HAe0
- Outcome
- P content within the soybean leavese0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coating MAP with HA increased soil P availability but did not increase P content within the soybean leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
A multivariate analysis showed soybean yield can increase with MAP coated with HA.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- coating MAP with HAe0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The multivariate approach also showed that soybean yield can increase in response to coating MAP with HA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding micronutrients to MAP and HA diminished the rise in soil P content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- MAP + HA + Me0
- Outcome
- soil P contente0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Comparator
- MAP + HAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean and maize”
e0“The study showed that MAP + HA increased soil P content. However, this increase was diminished when micronutrients were included in the same granule (MAP + HA + M).”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus sources increased soybean leaf P equally compared with no P.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- P sourcese0
- Outcome
- P in soybean leavese0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Comparator
- control for Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, P sources raised P in soybean leaves equally compared to control for P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was unaffected by phosphorus source.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- P sourcee0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- likely due to adequate leaf P concentrations across all treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was unaffected by the P source, likely due to adequate leaf P concentrations across all treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient supply generally increased soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- micronutrient supplye0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, soybean yield generally increased with micronutrient supply.”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplying micronutrients with the phosphorus source did not affect maize yield.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For maize, yields were unaffected by supplying micronutrients with the P source.”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient supply typically decreased maize yield, except with MAP + HA + M granules.
- Treatment
- micronutrient supplye0
- Outcome
- maize yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except when using the MAP + HA + M combination granulee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, maize yields typically decreased with micronutrient supply, except when using the MAP + HA + M combination granule.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.