Abstract
Background: Green gram (Vigna radiata) also known as moong bean is an annually cultivated in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Indian subcontinent. V. radiata is very important source for the protein as in our regular diet and it proved essential amino acid such as phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, arginine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. Methods: Here, we studied the influence of seed endophytes on germination and development under salinity stress condition. Seeds were treated with sodium hypochlorite for 30 min under shaking condition at 100 rpm for surface sterilization and treated with 70% ethanol for 2 min and followed five times rinse with autoclaved water. Surface sterilised seeds were homogenised in autoclaved water with the help of mortal-pestle. Homogenised seed solution made serial dilution and spreaded over nutrient agar for endophytic bacterial growth. Seeds were treated with bacteriocide and fungicide to make endophytes free, followed by sown for germination at 0mM, 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl concentration. Result: Endophyte free seedlings were more susceptible against salt stress over normal seedlings. Therefore endophyte free seedling shoot and root biomass was 23.5% and 65.7% lower than control seedling biomass at 0mM salt respectively, while root length was 70% lower than control seedling root at 0mM salt concentration. Proline content in shoot and root observed an increase with increase of salt concentration. At 0mM salt, proline content was 0.00782±0.00043 and 0.00648±0.00017 (µmol/mg) in root of normal and endophyte free seedling respectively, while in shoot, it was non-significant difference. Glycine betaine content found to be increasing upto 100mM, followed by decreasing at 150mM in both root and shoot tissue. Glycine betaine content in endophyte free and control seedling shoot was 74.2±2.5 and 96.0±2.73 (µg/200mg) respectively at 100mM salt concentration. This result suggests, not only heritable genomic DNA but also endophytes associated with seed are very much important for the seedling growth and development which is also finally helps to combat abiotic stress situation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-free seedlings were more susceptible to salt stress than normal seedlings.
Verbatim
e0“Endophyte free seedlings were more susceptible against salt stress over normal seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-free seedling shoot biomass was 23.5% lower than control at 0mM salt.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- endophyte freee0
- Interactor
- endophytee0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 23.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 0mM salte0
- Comparator
- control seedlinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“endophyte free seedling shoot and root biomass was 23.5% and 65.7% lower than control seedling biomass at 0mM salt respectively”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-free seedling root biomass was 65.7% lower than control at 0mM salt.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- endophyte freee0
- Interactor
- endophytee0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 65.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 0mM salte0
- Comparator
- control seedlinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endophyte free seedling shoot and root biomass was 23.5% and 65.7% lower than control seedling biomass at 0mM salt respectively”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-free seedling root length was 70% lower than control at 0mM salt.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Endophytest0
- Interactor
- Endophytest0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Qualifier
- 0mM salt concentratione0
- Comparator
- control seedlinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length was 70% lower than control seedling root at 0mM salt concentration”
t0“Influence of Native Endophytes on Early Stages Growth of Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot proline content increased with salt concentration.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- salt concentratione0
- Outcome
- Proline content in shoote0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline content in shoot and root observed an increase with increase of salt concentration.”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Root proline content increased with salt concentration.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- salt concentratione0
- Outcome
- Proline content in shoot and roote0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline content in shoot and root observed an increase with increase of salt concentration.”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0mM salt, root proline content was 0.00782±0.00043 µmol/mg in normal seedlings and 0.00648±0.00017 µmol/mg in endophyte-free seedlings.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Interactor
- Endophytest0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Value
- 0.00782±0.00043 and 0.00648±0.00017 (µmol/mg)e0
- Qualifier
- At 0mM salte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 0mM salt, proline content was 0.00782±0.00043 and 0.00648±0.00017 (µmol/mg) in root of normal and endophyte free seedling respectively”
t0“Influence of Native Endophytes on Early Stages Growth of Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot proline content did not differ significantly between normal and endophyte-free seedlings at 0mM salt.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Interactor
- Endophytest0symbiont
- Outcome
- non-significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in shoot, it was non-significant difference.”
t0“Influence of Native Endophytes on Early Stages Growth of Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine content increased up to 100mM salt in both root and shoot.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoot tissuee0
- Treatment
- 100mMe0
- Outcome
- Glycine betaine contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine betaine content found to be increasing upto 100mM, followed by decreasing at 150mM in both root and shoot tissue.”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine content decreased at 150mM salt in both root and shoot.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoot tissuee0
- Treatment
- 150mMe0
- Outcome
- Glycine betaine contente0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine betaine content found to be increasing upto 100mM, followed by decreasing at 150mM in both root and shoot tissue.”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100mM salt, shoot glycine betaine was 74.2±2.5 µg/200mg in endophyte-free seedlings versus 96.0±2.73 in controls.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Interactor
- Endophytest0symbiont
- Outcome
- Glycine betaine contente0
- Value
- 74.2±2.5 and 96.0±2.73 (µg/200mg)e0
- Qualifier
- 100mM salt concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine betaine content in endophyte free and control seedling shoot was 74.2±2.5 and 96.0±2.73 (µg/200mg) respectively at 100mM salt concentration.”
t0“Influence of Native Endophytes on Early Stages Growth of Vigna radiata”
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