Abstract
Chicken weed is a significant weed in India and it occurs under onion cultivated field at Birnin Kebbi in the Sudan Savannah, Nigeria. On-farm experiment was conducted at Birnin Kebbi during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 dry season to evaluate the effect of plant population and weed control methods on the management of chicken weed (Portulaca quadrifida) alongside other weeds in onion field. The experiment consisted of three plant populations (500,000, 333,333 and 250,000 plants per hectare) and twelve weed control methods (Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, + 1Hw; pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1Hw; butachlor at 2.8 kg a.i. ha-1 + oxyfluorfen at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1; butachlor at 3.6 kg a.i. ha-1; fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; oxyfluorfen at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1Hw; hoe weeding at 3 (WAT); hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAT; weed free and weedy check). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete Block design replicated three times. Results showed that weed, growth and yield parameters were not significantly affected by plant population. Pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and weed free plots consistently recorded the lowest weed cover and highest weed control efficiency. Butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded the lowest crop injury score. Increase in plant height was observed when pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 respectively was applied, while application of pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded highest number of leaves and leaf area. Cured bulb and marketable bulb yield were greater with the use of pendimethalin and butachlor at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and the pooled data respectively. Application of pendimethalin and butachlor at the rate of 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by 1 Hw at 6 WAT respectively was therefore recommended for the control of chicken weed alongside other weed species in the ecology
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Plant population did not significantly affect weed, growth or yield parameters.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- plant populatione0
- Outcome
- weed, growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed, growth and yield parameters were not significantly affected by plant population”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus fluazifop-p-butyl recorded the lowest weed cover and highest weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed cover and highest weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and weed free plots consistently recorded the lowest weed cover and highest weed control efficiency”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free plots recorded the lowest weed cover and highest weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- weed free plotse0
- Outcome
- weed cover and highest weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed free plots consistently recorded the lowest weed cover and highest weed control efficiency”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus one hand weeding had the lowest crop injury score.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hwe0
- Outcome
- crop injury scoree0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded the lowest crop injury score”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin application increased plant height.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hwe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- Increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in plant height was observed when pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 respectively was applied”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-p-butyl application increased plant height.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- Increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in plant height was observed when pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 respectively was applied”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 gave the highest number of leaves and leaf area.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- number of leaves and leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded highest number of leaves and leaf area”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus one hand weeding gave the highest number of leaves and leaf area.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hwe0
- Outcome
- number of leaves and leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded highest number of leaves and leaf area”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin and butachlor treatments gave greater cured and marketable bulb yield.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin and butachlor at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hwe0
- Outcome
- Cured bulb and marketable bulb yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cured bulb and marketable bulb yield were greater with the use of pendimethalin and butachlor at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and the pooled data respectively”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend pendimethalin and butachlor followed by hand weeding for chicken weed control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin and butachlor at the rate of 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by 1 Hw at 6 WATe0
- Interactor
- chicken weede0weed
- Outcome
- control of chicken weede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of pendimethalin and butachlor at the rate of 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by 1 Hw at 6 WAT respectively was therefore recommended for the control of chicken weed”
t0“onion (Allium cepa L.)”
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