Abstract
Weed control poses substantial difficulties for winter season onion ( Allium cepa L.) cultivation in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains, primarily due to the constrained efficacy of the existing herbicides. To address this issue, a 2-year field study was conducted to assess the efficacy of pre- and post-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin, ethoxysulfuron, imazethapyr, and quizalofop-p-ethyl) individually and in combination with crop residue mulch for weed control in winter onion. The results revealed that using herbicides or mulches in isolation did not provide satisfactory weed control. However, the integration of natural mulch with pendimethalin followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl application proved to be the most effective weed control strategy, resulting in the least reduction in bulb yield (10.3%) compared to other treatments. On the contrary, combinations of pendimethalin with ethoxysulfuron or imazethapyr showed adverse effects on the onion crop and inflicted the highest yield losses among all treatments (78.6 and 83.4%, respectively). However, the combination of pendimethalin with quizalofop-p-ethyl coupled with crop mulch resulted in season-long weed control and over 80% bulb yield (36.58 t/ha) gains compared to the weed-free condition. These findings emphasize the efficacy of combining herbicides and mulches as an integrated weed management strategy for onions. By adopting such integrated approaches, farmers could improve weed control while maintaining bulb yield and quality, reducing the risks associated with herbicide resistance, and promoting sustainable onion production in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone gave unsatisfactory weed control.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- did not provide satisfactorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“using herbicides or mulches in isolation did not provide satisfactory weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulches alone gave unsatisfactory weed control.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepat0
- Treatment
- mulchese0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- did not provide satisfactorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“using herbicides or mulches in isolation did not provide satisfactory weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural mulch with pendimethalin followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl was the most effective weed control strategy.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepat0
- Treatment
- natural mulch with pendimethalin followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl applicatione0
- Outcome
- weed control strategye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“integration of natural mulch with pendimethalin followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl application proved to be the most effective weed control strategy”
Claim · model-written summary
That mulch and herbicide sequence had the least bulb yield reduction, 10.3%.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepat0
- Treatment
- natural mulch with pendimethalin followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl applicatione0
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- least reductione0
- Value
- 10.3%e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“integration of natural mulch with pendimethalin followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl application proved to be the most effective weed control strategy, resulting in the least reduction in bulb yield (10.3%) compared to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin with ethoxysulfuron caused a 78.6% onion yield loss.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin with ethoxysulfurone0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 78.6e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“combinations of pendimethalin with ethoxysulfuron or imazethapyr showed adverse effects on the onion crop and inflicted the highest yield losses among all treatments (78.6 and 83.4%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin with imazethapyr caused an 83.4% onion yield loss.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 83.4%e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“combinations of pendimethalin with ethoxysulfuron or imazethapyr showed adverse effects on the onion crop and inflicted the highest yield losses among all treatments (78.6 and 83.4%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin and quizalofop-p-ethyl with crop mulch provided season-long weed control.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin with quizalofop-p-ethyl coupled with crop mulche0
- Outcome
- season-long weed controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“combination of pendimethalin with quizalofop-p-ethyl coupled with crop mulch resulted in season-long weed control and over 80% bulb yield (36.58 t/ha) gains compared to the weed-free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin and quizalofop-p-ethyl with crop mulch gave over 80% bulb yield gains, with yield of 36.58 t/ha, compared to weed-free conditions.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin with quizalofop-p-ethyl coupled with crop mulche0
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Value
- 36.58 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- over 80%e0
- Comparator
- weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e0“combination of pendimethalin with quizalofop-p-ethyl coupled with crop mulch resulted in season-long weed control and over 80% bulb yield (36.58 t/ha) gains compared to the weed-free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrated herbicide and mulch weed management for onion.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Outcome
- combining herbicides and mulches as an integrated weed management strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining herbicides and mulches as an integrated weed management strategy for onions”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
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- no effect
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See all 38 papers →Ethoxysulfuron · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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quizalofop-P-ethyl · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
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See all 28 papers →mulching · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 50 papers →herbicide · weed · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 72 in the opposite direction
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13 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.