Abstract
Abstract The intensive and repeated use of chemical herbicides has led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, which, in addition to their environmental impacts, also pose significant threats to human and animal health. This study aimed to explore the potential of oilseed industrial wastes, specifically soybean and flaxseed meals, as safe and environmentally friendly bioherbicides for controlling weeds associated with onion crops. Two field experiments were conducted along two successive winter of 2020/21 and 2021/22. Treatments involved foliar spray of soybean and flaxseed meals in three different concentrations (15, 30 and 45%), mulching of seed meals, oxyfluorfen herbicide, two hand hoeing and untreated weedy check. The findings demonstrated that all weed control treatments significantly reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake. Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control, showing minimal significant differences among them. Following these effective treatments, soybean meal extracts at 45 and 30% exhibited notable weed control compared to the weedy check. The greatest enhancement in onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb quality was observed with the application of hand hoeing, soybean and flaxseed meal mulching treatments, with no significant differences between them. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation of both meals identified various phenolic acids at different concentrations. Practically, these safe efficient treatments proved progress on chemical herbicide. Hence, onion farmers are advised to apply soybean and flaxseed meals mulching safe treatments as alternative to harmful chemical herbicides under all experimental conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control treatments significantly reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- Onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- weed control treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weed density, biomass and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“all weed control treatments significantly reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing ranked among the strongest weed control approaches.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Two hand hoeinge0
- Outcome
- top rank for weed controle0
- Direction
- top ranke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyfluorfen ranked among the strongest weed control approaches.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen herbicidee0
- Outcome
- top rank for weed controle0
- Direction
- top ranke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean meal mulch ranked among the strongest weed control approaches.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- mulching of soybeane0
- Outcome
- top rank for weed controle0
- Direction
- top ranke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Flaxseed meal mulch ranked among the strongest weed control approaches.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- flaxseed mealse0
- Outcome
- top rank for weed controle0
- Direction
- top ranke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean meal extract at 45% gave notable weed control against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- soybean meal extracts at 45e0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- notablee0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“soybean meal extracts at 45 and 30% exhibited notable weed control compared to the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean meal extract at 30% gave notable weed control against the weedy check.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“soybean meal extracts at 45 and 30% exhibited notable weed control compared to the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing produced among the greatest improvements in onion growth, yield traits and bulb quality.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- hand hoeinge0
- Outcome
- onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb qualitye0
- Direction
- greatest enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“The greatest enhancement in onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb quality was observed with the application of hand hoeing, soybean and flaxseed meal mulching treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean meal mulch produced among the greatest improvements in onion growth, yield traits and bulb quality.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- soybeane0
- Outcome
- onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb qualitye0
- Direction
- greatest enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“The greatest enhancement in onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb quality was observed with the application of hand hoeing, soybean and flaxseed meal mulching treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Flaxseed meal mulch produced among the greatest improvements in onion growth, yield traits and bulb quality.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- flaxseed meal mulching treatmentse0
- Outcome
- onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb qualitye0
- Direction
- greatest enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“The greatest enhancement in onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb quality was observed with the application of hand hoeing, soybean and flaxseed meal mulching treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic acids were identified in both meals.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- various phenolic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation of both meals identified various phenolic acids at different concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise onion farmers to use soybean meal mulch instead of chemical herbicides.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- apply soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“onion farmers are advised to apply soybean and flaxseed meals mulching safe treatments as alternative to harmful chemical herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise onion farmers to use flaxseed meal mulch instead of chemical herbicides.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- flaxseed meals mulching safe treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Onion”
e0“onion farmers are advised to apply soybean and flaxseed meals mulching safe treatments as alternative to harmful chemical herbicides”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.