Abstract
Abstract Degenerating soil properties, low diversification, and productivity are the major issues for keeping large areas as fallow after rainy season rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in Southeast Asia. Long‐duration rice cultivars along with conventional till farming and lack of irrigation facilities limit the chances of growing succeeding crops like pulses in rice fallow areas. Therefore, a field study was conducted to test the hypothesis that cultivating short‐duration rice and lentil ( Lens culinaris Medic.) cultivars along with residue retention through mulching or standing rice stubble under no‐till (NT) farming for lentil can enhance the productivity in rice fallow areas and improve economic returns from the cropping system by conserving soil moisture and improving soil properties and carbon stocks. Two rice cultivars (namely, Shahsarang‐1: high yielding and medium duration; and Mendri: local, low yielding, and long‐duration variety), two high biomass lentil varieties (DPL‐81: early duration and IPL‐406: medium duration), and three rice residue management practices (namely, residue removal, 20 cm standing stubble, and mulching at 5 Mg ha −1 in lentil) were tested in the rice–lentil system. After harvest of rainy season rice, lentil was sown under NT using a manually operated furrow opener. Results of a 3‐year study revealed that rice residue retention as mulch at 5 Mg ha −1 and 20 cm standing stubbles (~2 Mg ha −1 ) conserved residual soil moisture and recorded significantly lower bulk density (1.10 and 1.09 Mg m −3 ), increased water‐holding capacity (57.05% and 55.14%), and improved water infiltration rate (3.47 and 3.30 cm hr −1 ) compared to residue removal. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, available nitrogen, and phosphorus contents at 0–15 cm soil depth were significantly higher by 7.2%–11.1%, 3.9%–6.8%, 4.1%–6.7%, 2.7%–6.4%, and 2.7%–8.0%, respectively, under standing rice stubbles/mulching than residue removal. The SOC stock (25.3 Mg ha ‐1 ) under mulching was significantly higher than that recorded under residue removal at 0–15 cm (23.4 Mg ha −1 ) and remained non‐significant at 15–30 cm depth. A significantly higher mean seed yield of lentil was obtained under mulching (1.68 Mg ha −1 ) and standing stubbles (1.49 Mg ha −1 ) than that under removal (1.27 Mg ha −1 ). Average productivity of lentil (1.53 Mg ha −1 ) after medium‐duration rice variety Shahsarang‐1 was greater than that grown after local long‐duration rice variety Mendri (1.43 Mg ha −1 ). The mean seed yield of early lentil variety DPL‐81 grown after medium‐duration rice was significantly higher (1.60 Mg ha −1 ) than medium‐duration lentil variety IPL‐406 (1.36 Mg ha −1 ). Thus, cultivating medium‐duration rice (Shahsarang‐1) followed by early‐duration lentil variety (DPL‐81) and rice residue retention either through mulching or standing rice stubble is recommended for improving soil properties, carbon stock, and productivity of lentil in rice fallow areas of the Eastern Himalayan region of India and other similar agro‐ecosystems.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Residue retention lowered soil bulk density relative to removal.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“recorded significantly lower bulk density (1.10 and 1.09 Mg m −3 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue retention increased water holding capacity.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased water‐holding capacity (57.05% and 55.14%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue retention improved infiltration rate.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“improved water infiltration rate (3.47 and 3.30 cm hr −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing stubble or mulch increased soil organic carbon.
- Treatment
- standing rice stubbles/mulchinge0
- Outcome
- Soil organic carbon (SOC)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.2%–11.1%e0
- Comparator
- residue removale0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, available nitrogen, and phosphorus contents at 0–15 cm soil depth were significantly higher by 7.2%–11.1%, 3.9%–6.8%, 4.1%–6.7%, 2.7%–6.4%, and 2.7%–8.0%, respectively, under standing rice stubbles/mulching than residue removal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing stubble or mulch increased soil microbial biomass carbon.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“soil microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, available nitrogen, and phosphorus contents at 0–15 cm soil depth were significantly higher by 7.2%–11.1%, 3.9%–6.8%, 4.1%–6.7%, 2.7%–6.4%, and 2.7%–8.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing stubble or mulch increased dehydrogenase activity.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“dehydrogenase enzyme activity, available nitrogen, and phosphorus contents at 0–15 cm soil depth were significantly higher by 7.2%–11.1%, 3.9%–6.8%, 4.1%–6.7%, 2.7%–6.4%, and 2.7%–8.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing stubble or mulch increased available nitrogen.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“available nitrogen, and phosphorus contents at 0–15 cm soil depth were significantly higher by 7.2%–11.1%, 3.9%–6.8%, 4.1%–6.7%, 2.7%–6.4%, and 2.7%–8.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing stubble or mulch increased phosphorus content.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“phosphorus contents at 0–15 cm soil depth were significantly higher by 7.2%–11.1%, 3.9%–6.8%, 4.1%–6.7%, 2.7%–6.4%, and 2.7%–8.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased SOC stock at 0–15 cm.
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- SOC stocke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25.3 Mg ha ‐1e0
- Qualifier
- 23.4 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- residue removale0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The SOC stock (25.3 Mg ha ‐1 ) under mulching was significantly higher than that recorded under residue removal at 0–15 cm (23.4 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
SOC stock at 15–30 cm did not differ significantly.
Not reportedTaxonOrgan / stageTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“remained non‐significant at 15–30 cm depth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased lentil seed yield over residue removal.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.68 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- removale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher mean seed yield of lentil was obtained under mulching (1.68 Mg ha −1 ) and standing stubbles (1.49 Mg ha −1 ) than that under removal (1.27 Mg ha −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing stubble increased lentil seed yield over removal.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- standing stubblese0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.49 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- removale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher mean seed yield of lentil was obtained under mulching (1.68 Mg ha −1 ) and standing stubbles (1.49 Mg ha −1 ) than that under removal (1.27 Mg ha −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil after Shahsarang-1 yielded more than after Mendri.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Shahsarang‐1e0
- Outcome
- productivity of lentile0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 1.53 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- Mendrie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average productivity of lentil (1.53 Mg ha −1 ) after medium‐duration rice variety Shahsarang‐1 was greater than that grown after local long‐duration rice variety Mendri (1.43 Mg ha −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
DPL-81 yielded more than IPL-406 after medium-duration rice.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- DPL‐81e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.60 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- IPL‐406e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean seed yield of early lentil variety DPL‐81 grown after medium‐duration rice was significantly higher (1.60 Mg ha −1 ) than medium‐duration lentil variety IPL‐406 (1.36 Mg ha −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Shahsarang-1 followed by DPL-81 with residue retention.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- cultivating medium‐duration rice (Shahsarang‐1) followed by early‐duration lentil variety (DPL‐81) and rice residue retention either through mulching or standing rice stubblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivating medium‐duration rice (Shahsarang‐1) followed by early‐duration lentil variety (DPL‐81) and rice residue retention either through mulching or standing rice stubble is recommended”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.