Abstract
Crop yields are declined due to low soil fertility, insufficient soil water availability and poorly managed cropping systems in Limpopo province of South Africa. Phosphorus (P) is a major essential nutrient element required by crops for enhanced growth and development. Interactions between different rates of P fertilization and strip intercropping system have not been studied in detail under rainfed conditions in semi-arid region of Limpopo province. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the performance of four cowpea varieties at four levels (0, 15, 30, 45 kg P ha-1) of P fertilization in a cowpea-maize intercropping system in a split-split plot design during two seasons. Significant interactions were obtained between variety and phosphorus application as well as variety and cropping system for 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yield in both seasons. P levels significantly influenced and enhanced grain yield, land equivalent ratio, profit and benefit cost ratio achieved. PAN311 and TVu13464 matured earlier across P levels and they were selected promising cowpea varieties based on their early maturity and high yield. Land equivalent ratio values were greater than 1.0, which indicated performance and advantage of an intercropping system over monocropping system in land utilisation. The optimum P level for cowpea-maize strip intercropping was at 30 kg P ha-1 based on yield and financial return. The results showed that P application enhanced the productivity of the cowpea varieties in cowpea-maize strip intercropping in the semi-arid environment of Limpopo province. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Variety and phosphorus application interact significantly for 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yield of cowpea.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- phosphorus applicatione1
- Outcome
- 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yielde1
- Setting
- both seasonse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant interactions were obtained between variety and phosphorus application as well as variety and cropping system for 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yield in both seasons”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety and cropping system interact significantly for 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yield of cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- cropping systeme1
- Outcome
- 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yielde1
- Setting
- both seasonse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant interactions were obtained between variety and phosphorus application as well as variety and cropping system for 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yield in both seasons”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
P levels significantly enhanced grain yield and land equivalent ratio of cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- P levelse2
- Outcome
- grain yield, land equivalent ratioe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“P levels significantly influenced and enhanced grain yield, land equivalent ratio, profit and benefit cost ratio achieved”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
P levels significantly enhanced profit and benefit cost ratio of cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- P levelse2
- Outcome
- profit and benefit cost ratioe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“P levels significantly influenced and enhanced grain yield, land equivalent ratio, profit and benefit cost ratio achieved”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
PAN311 and TVu13464 matured earlier than other cowpea varieties across P levels.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- PAN311 and TVu13464e3
- Outcome
- maturitye3
- Direction
- matured earliere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“PAN311 and TVu13464 matured earlier across P levels and they were selected promising cowpea varieties based on their early maturity and high yield”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
PAN311 and TVu13464 are selected as promising cowpea varieties for early maturity and high yield.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- PAN311 and TVu13464e3
- Outcome
- selected promising cowpea varietiese3
- Qualifier
- based on their early maturity and high yielde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“PAN311 and TVu13464 matured earlier across P levels and they were selected promising cowpea varieties based on their early maturity and high yield”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea-maize strip intercropping had a land equivalent ratio greater than 1.0, above monocropping.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- an intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- Land equivalent ratioe4
- Direction
- greater thane4
- Value
- 1.0e4
- Comparator
- monocropping systeme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Land equivalent ratio values were greater than 1.0, which indicated performance and advantage of an intercropping system over monocropping system in land utilisation”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum P level for cowpea-maize strip intercropping is 30 kg P ha-1 based on yield and financial return.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- optimum P levele5
- Value
- 30 kg P ha-1e5
- Qualifier
- based on yield and financial returne5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The optimum P level for cowpea-maize strip intercropping was at 30 kg P ha-1 based on yield and financial return”
t0“Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
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- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 103 papers →phosphorus · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
106 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
109 papers more in this group
See all 113 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.