Abstract
We studied the effects of new chemically synthesized selenium (Se) nanocomposites (NCs) based on natural polysaccharide matrices arabinogalactan (AG), starch (ST), and kappa-carrageenan (CAR) on the viability of phytopathogen Phytophthora cactorum, rhizospheric bacteria, and potato productivity in the field experiment. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was shown that the nanocomposites contained nanoparticles varying from 20 to 180 nm in size depending on the type of NC. All three investigated NCs had a fungicidal effect even at the lowest tested concentrations of 50 µg/mL for Se/AG NC (3 µg/mL Se), 35 µg/mL for Se/ST NC (0.5 µg/mL Se), and 39 µg/mL for Se/CAR NC (1.4 µg/mL Se), including concentration of 0.000625% Se (6.25 µg/mL) in the final suspension, which was used to study Se NC effects on bacterial growth of the three common rhizospheric bacteria Acinetobacter guillouiae, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans isolated from the rhizosphere of plants growing in the Irkutsk Region, Russia. The AG-based Se NC (Se/AG NC) and CAR-based Se NC (Se/CAR NC) exhibited the greatest inhibition of fungal growth up to 60% (at 300 µg/mL) and 49% (at 234 µg/mL), respectively. The safe use of Se NCs against phytopathogens requires them to be environmentally friendly without negative effects on rhizospheric microorganisms. The same concentration of 0.000625% Se (6.25 µg/mL) in the final suspension of all three Se NCs (which corresponds to 105.57 µg/mL for Se/AG NC, 428.08 µg/mL for Se/ST NC and 170.30 µg/mL for Se/CAR NC) was used to study their effect on bacterial growth (bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and biofilm formation effects) of the three rhizospheric bacteria. Based on our earlier studies this concentration had an antibacterial effect against the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus that causes diseases of potato ring rot, but did not negatively affect the viability of potato plants at this concentration. In this study, using this concentration no bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of all three Se NCs were found against Rhodococcus erythropolis based on the optical density of a bacterial suspension, agar diffusion, and intensity of biofilm formation, but Se/CAR and Se/AG NCs inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans. The cell growth was decrease by 15–30% during the entire observation period, but the stimulation of biofilm formation by this bacterium was observed for Se/CAR NC. Se/AG NC also had bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects on the rhizospheric bacterium Acinetobacter guillouiae. There was a 2.5-fold decrease in bacterial growth and a 30% decrease in biofilm formation, but Se/CAR NC stimulated the growth of A. guillouiae. According to the results of the preliminary field test, an increase in potato productivity by an average of 30% was revealed after the pre-planting treatment of tubers by spraying them with Se/AG and Se/CAR NCs with the same concentration of Se of 0.000625% (6.25 µg/mL) in a final suspension. The obtained and previously published results on the positive effect of natural matrix-based Se NCs on plants open up prospects for further investigation of their effects on rhizosphere bacteria and resistance of cultivated plants to stress factors.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Nanocomposite nanoparticles varied from 20 to 180 nm by formulation.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“the nanocomposites contained nanoparticles varying from 20 to 180 nm in size depending on the type of NC”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/AG nanocomposite had a fungicidal effect at 50 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume1 - Treatment
- Se/AG NCe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora cactorume2pathogen - Outcome
- fungicidal effecte0
- Value
- 50 µg/mLe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three investigated NCs had a fungicidal effect even at the lowest tested concentrations of 50 µg/mL for Se/AG NC (3 µg/mL Se)”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
e2“Phytophthora cactorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/ST nanocomposite had a fungicidal effect at 35 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- Se/ST NCe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume3pathogen
- Outcome
- fungicidal effecte1
- Value
- 35 µg/mLe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“35 µg/mL for Se/ST NC (0.5 µg/mL Se)”
e1“All three investigated NCs had a fungicidal effect even at the lowest tested concentrations”
e2“potato productivity in the field experiment”
e3“Phytophthora cactorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/CAR nanocomposite had a fungicidal effect at 39 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- Se/CAR NCe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume3pathogen
- Outcome
- fungicidal effecte1
- Value
- 39 µg/mLe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“39 µg/mL for Se/CAR NC (1.4 µg/mL Se)”
e1“All three investigated NCs had a fungicidal effect even at the lowest tested concentrations”
e2“potato productivity in the field experiment”
e3“Phytophthora cactorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/AG inhibited fungal growth by up to 60% at 300 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Se/AG NCe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Qualifier
- 300 µg/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AG-based Se NC (Se/AG NC) and CAR-based Se NC (Se/CAR NC) exhibited the greatest inhibition of fungal growth up to 60% (at 300 µg/mL) and 49% (at 234 µg/mL), respectively”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
e2“Phytophthora cactorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/CAR inhibited fungal growth by up to 49% at 234 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Se/CAR NCe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Qualifier
- 234 µg/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AG-based Se NC (Se/AG NC) and CAR-based Se NC (Se/CAR NC) exhibited the greatest inhibition of fungal growth up to 60% (at 300 µg/mL) and 49% (at 234 µg/mL), respectively”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
e2“Phytophthora cactorum”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the three Se nanocomposites showed bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity against Rhodococcus erythropolis at the tested concentration.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- all three Se NCse0
- Interactor
- Rhodococcus erythropolisRhodococcus erythropolise0symbiont
- Outcome
- no bacteriostatic and bactericidal activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of all three Se NCs were found against Rhodococcus erythropolis”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/CAR inhibited Pseudomonas oryzihabitans growth.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Se/CARe0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas oryzihabitansPseudomonas oryzihabitanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of Pseudomonas oryzihabitanse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se/CAR and Se/AG NCs inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/AG inhibited Pseudomonas oryzihabitans growth.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Se/AG NCse0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas oryzihabitansPseudomonas oryzihabitanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of Pseudomonas oryzihabitanse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se/CAR and Se/AG NCs inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment lowered Pseudomonas oryzihabitans cell growth by 15–30%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas oryzihabitansPseudomonas oryzihabitanse1symbiont
- Outcome
- cell growthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 15–30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cell growth was decrease by 15–30% during the entire observation period”
e1“growth of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans”
e2“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/CAR stimulated Pseudomonas oryzihabitans biofilm formation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- Se/CAR NCe0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas oryzihabitansPseudomonas oryzihabitanse1symbiont
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulation of biofilm formation by this bacterium was observed for Se/CAR NC”
e1“growth of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans”
e2“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/AG lowered Acinetobacter guillouiae growth 2.5-fold.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Se/AG NCe0
- Interactor
- Acinetobacter guillouiaeAcinetobacter guillouiaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 2.5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se/AG NC also had bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects on the rhizospheric bacterium Acinetobacter guillouiae. There was a 2.5-fold decrease in bacterial growth and a 30% decrease in biofilm formation”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/AG lowered Acinetobacter guillouiae biofilm formation 30%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Se/AG NCe0
- Interactor
- Acinetobacter guillouiaeAcinetobacter guillouiaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se/AG NC also had bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects on the rhizospheric bacterium Acinetobacter guillouiae. There was a 2.5-fold decrease in bacterial growth and a 30% decrease in biofilm formation”
e1“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Se/CAR stimulated Acinetobacter guillouiae growth.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- Se/CAR NCe0
- Interactor
- Acinetobacter guillouiaeAcinetobacter guillouiaee1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of A. guillouiaee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se/CAR NC stimulated the growth of A. guillouiae”
e1“rhizospheric bacterium Acinetobacter guillouiae”
e2“potato productivity in the field experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-planting tuber spraying with Se/AG increased potato productivity by an average 30%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- pre-planting treatment of tubers by spraying them with Se/AGe0
- Outcome
- potato productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.000625% (6.25 µg/mL)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in potato productivity by an average of 30% was revealed after the pre-planting treatment of tubers by spraying them with Se/AG and Se/CAR NCs”
e1“0.000625% (6.25 µg/mL) in a final suspension”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-planting tuber spraying with Se/CAR increased potato productivity by an average 30%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Se/CAR NCse0
- Outcome
- potato productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.000625% (6.25 µg/mL)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in potato productivity by an average of 30% was revealed after the pre-planting treatment of tubers by spraying them with Se/AG and Se/CAR NCs”
e1“0.000625% (6.25 µg/mL) in a final suspension”
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