Abstract
This paper reports the performance of a graphite and silica nanoparticles-based delivery system for T. harzianum in controlling the in vitro growth of R. solani and damping-off disease on tomato plants. The in vitro and in vivo experiments were arranged in the randomized complete block design. The in vitro treatment was a dual culture of R. solani and T. harzianum in the various components of formulation on PDA, i.e., T. harzianum + 5 wt.% graphite, T. harzianum + 1wt.% silica NPs., T. harzianum + 5 wt.% graphite + 1 wt.% silica nanoparticles, T. harzianum , 5 wt.% graphite, 1 wt.% silica nanoparticles, fungicide (mancozeb), and a control. The in vivo treatment included the application of T. harzianum in the same compositions as the in vitro treatment, except that there were two controls i.e., inoculated and noninoculated tomato plants with R. solani . T. harzianum by soaking tomato seeds in the formulation suspensions before planting. The results showed that all formulation compositions were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of R. solani . The inhibitions of the colony growth of R. solani caused by formulated and non-formulated T. harzianum were the same. This proved that graphite and silica NPs did not resist to the ability of T. harzianum in controlling R. solani , indicated that the formulation was promising to develop. However, the inhibition of damping-off disease incidence on tomato plants caused by formulated T. harzianum was the same as the non-formulated one only on day 7 after treatments. On days 14, 21, and 28, the inhibitions were lower than the non-formulated ones. It was suggested to reapply the formulation of T. harzianum in the soil at planting and several days after.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All formulation compositions inhibited in vitro growth of R. solani.
- Taxon
- Tomato Plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- all formulation compositionse0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of R. solanie0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all formulation compositions were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of R. solani”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulated and non-formulated T. harzianum inhibited R. solani colony growth equally.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- formulatede0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- colony growth of R. solanie0
- Direction
- the samee0
- Comparator
- non-formulated T. harzianume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitions of the colony growth of R. solani caused by formulated and non-formulated T. harzianum were the same”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Graphite and silica NPs did not impair T. harzianum control of R. solani.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- graphite and silica NPse0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ability of T. harzianum in controlling R. solanie0
- Direction
- did not resiste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“graphite and silica NPs did not resist to the ability of T. harzianum in controlling R. solani”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On day 7, formulated and non-formulated T. harzianum had equal inhibition of tomato damping-off incidence.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- formulated T. harzianume0
- Outcome
- damping-off disease incidencee0
- Direction
- the samee0
- Qualifier
- day 7 after treatmentse0
- Comparator
- non-formulated onee0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition of damping-off disease incidence on tomato plants caused by formulated T. harzianum was the same as the non-formulated one only on day 7 after treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
On days 14, 21 and 28, formulated T. harzianum inhibited damping-off less than non-formulated treatment.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- formulated T. harzianume1
- Outcome
- damping-off disease incidencee1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- days 14, 21, and 28e0
- Comparator
- non-formulated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On days 14, 21, and 28, the inhibitions were lower than the non-formulated ones”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“the inhibition of damping-off disease incidence on tomato plants caused by formulated T. harzianum was the same as the non-formulated one only on day 7 after treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest reapplying the T. harzianum formulation at planting and several days later.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reapply the formulation of T. harzianum in the soil at planting and several days aftere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was suggested to reapply the formulation of T. harzianum in the soil at planting and several days after”
t0“Tomato Plants”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →nanoparticle · Rhizoctonia solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.