Abstract
Cold stress is a major environmental factor that detrimentally affects plant growth and development. Melatonin has been shown to confer plant tolerance to cold stress through activating the C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) pathway; however, the underlying modes that enable this function remain obscure. In this study, we investigated the role of H2O2 and Ca2+ signaling in the melatonin-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) through pharmacological, physiological, and genetic approaches. According to the results, melatonin induced H2O2 accumulation, which was associated with the upregulation of respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (ClRBOHD) during the early response to cold stress in watermelon. Besides, melatonin and H2O2 induced the accumulation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) in response to cold. This was associated with the upregulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (ClCNGC2) in watermelon. However, blocking of Ca2+ influx channels abolished melatonin- or H2O2-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance. Ca2+ also induced ClRBOHD expression and H2O2 accumulation in early response to cold stress in watermelon. Inhibition of H2O2 production in watermelon by RBOH inhibitor or in Arabidopsis by AtRBOHD knockout compromised melatonin-induced [Ca2+]cyt accumulation and melatonin- or Ca2+-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance. Overall, these findings indicate that melatonin induces RBOHD-dependent H2O2 generation in early response to cold stress. Increased H2O2 promotes [Ca2+]cyt accumulation, which in turn induces H2O2 accumulation via RBOHD, forming a reciprocal positive-regulatory loop that mediates melatonin-induced CBF pathway and subsequent cold tolerance.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin induced H2O2 accumulation during early cold response.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin induced H2O2 accumulation”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin induced H2O2 accumulation was associated with ClRBOHD upregulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Gene
- ClRBOHDe0
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin induced H2O2 accumulation, which was associated with the upregulation of respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (ClRBOHD)”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation in response to cold.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- accumulation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin and H2O2 induced the accumulation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) in response to cold”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation in response to cold.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- H2O2e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin and H2O2 induced the accumulation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) in response to cold”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+ accumulation was associated with ClCNGC2 upregulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Gene
- ClCNGC2e0
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was associated with the upregulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (ClCNGC2) in watermelon”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking Ca2+ influx channels abolished melatonin- or H2O2-induced CBF pathway activity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- blocking of Ca2+ influx channelse0
- Outcome
- CBF pathwaye0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking of Ca2+ influx channels abolished melatonin- or H2O2-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking Ca2+ influx channels abolished induced cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- blocking of Ca2+ influx channelse0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking of Ca2+ influx channels abolished melatonin- or H2O2-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+ induced ClRBOHD expression early in cold response.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Ca2+e0
- Gene
- ClRBOHDe0
- Outcome
- ClRBOHD expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ also induced ClRBOHD expression and H2O2 accumulation in early response to cold stress in watermelon”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+ induced H2O2 accumulation early in cold response.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ also induced ClRBOHD expression and H2O2 accumulation in early response to cold stress in watermelon”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RBOH inhibitor compromised [Ca2+]cyt accumulation in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- RBOH inhibitore0
- Outcome
- [Ca2+]cyt accumulatione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of H2O2 production in watermelon by RBOH inhibitor or in Arabidopsis by AtRBOHD knockout compromised melatonin-induced [Ca2+]cyt accumulation and melatonin- or Ca2+-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RBOH inhibitor compromised CBF pathway in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- RBOH inhibitore0
- Outcome
- CBF pathwaye0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of H2O2 production in watermelon by RBOH inhibitor or in Arabidopsis by AtRBOHD knockout compromised melatonin-induced [Ca2+]cyt accumulation and melatonin- or Ca2+-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RBOH inhibitor compromised cold tolerance in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- RBOH inhibitore0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of H2O2 production in watermelon by RBOH inhibitor or in Arabidopsis by AtRBOHD knockout compromised melatonin-induced [Ca2+]cyt accumulation and melatonin- or Ca2+-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRBOHD knockout compromised [Ca2+]cyt accumulation in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- AtRBOHD knockoute0
- Outcome
- [Ca2+]cyt accumulatione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of H2O2 production in watermelon by RBOH inhibitor or in Arabidopsis by AtRBOHD knockout compromised melatonin-induced [Ca2+]cyt accumulation and melatonin- or Ca2+-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRBOHD knockout compromised CBF pathway in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- AtRBOHD knockoute0
- Outcome
- CBF pathwaye0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of H2O2 production in watermelon by RBOH inhibitor or in Arabidopsis by AtRBOHD knockout compromised melatonin-induced [Ca2+]cyt accumulation and melatonin- or Ca2+-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRBOHD knockout compromised cold tolerance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- AtRBOHD knockoute0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of H2O2 production in watermelon by RBOH inhibitor or in Arabidopsis by AtRBOHD knockout compromised melatonin-induced [Ca2+]cyt accumulation and melatonin- or Ca2+-induced CBF pathway and cold tolerance”
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.