Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is widely recognized as one of the most devastating fungal diseases, inflicting significant damage on a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Despite melatonin has recently emerged as a potential enhancer of plant resistance against Fo, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, our results demonstrate that exogenous melatonin and MeJA enhance watermelon resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2 (FON2) in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal concentration for melatonin and MeJA was determined to be 10 μM and 1 μM, respectively. Both melatonin and MeJA inhibited FON2 mycelial growth on PDA medium in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin significantly stimulated upregulation of MeJA synthesis genes and increased MeJA content upon FON2 infection. However, pretreatment with a MeJA synthesis inhibitor (DIECA) suppressed the induction of melatonin-induced resistance against FON2. Furthermore, MeJA also induced the upregulation of melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 ( ClCOMT1 ) and increased melatonin accumulation in response to FON2. Notably, the reduction in FON2 resistance caused by ClCOMT1 deletion was completely restored through exogenous application of MeJA. These results suggest that melatonin facilitates MeJA accumulation, which provides feedback to promote melatonin accumulation, forming a reciprocal positive regulatory loop in response to FON2 infection. Additionally, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and lignin are involved in the MeJA-induced resistance against FON2. The growing concern over minimizing pesticide usage and transitioning to sustainable and natural control strategies underscores the significant potential of such a mechanism in combating Fo.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin enhanced watermelon resistance against FON2 in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- exogenous melatonine0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- in a dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e0“our results demonstrate that exogenous melatonin and MeJA enhance watermelon resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2 (FON2) in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous MeJA enhanced watermelon resistance against FON2 in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- in a dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e0“our results demonstrate that exogenous melatonin and MeJA enhance watermelon resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2 (FON2) in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin and MeJA inhibited FON2 mycelial growth on PDA medium in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- melatonin and MeJAe1
- Interactor
- FON2e1pathogen
- Outcome
- FON2 mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- in a dose-dependent mannere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e0“our results demonstrate that exogenous melatonin and MeJA enhance watermelon resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2 (FON2) in a dose-dependent manner”
e1“Both melatonin and MeJA inhibited FON2 mycelial growth on PDA medium in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin stimulated upregulation of MeJA synthesis genes in watermelon upon FON2 infection.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine2
- Interactor
- FON2e2pathogen
- Gene
- MeJA synthesis genese2
- Outcome
- upregulation of MeJA synthesis genese2
- Direction
- upregulatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e2“exogenous melatonin significantly stimulated upregulation of MeJA synthesis genes and increased MeJA content upon FON2 infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin increased MeJA content in watermelon upon FON2 infection.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine2
- Interactor
- FON2e2pathogen
- Outcome
- MeJA contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e2“exogenous melatonin significantly stimulated upregulation of MeJA synthesis genes and increased MeJA content upon FON2 infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with the MeJA synthesis inhibitor DIECA suppressed the induction of melatonin-induced resistance against FON2.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with a MeJA synthesis inhibitor (DIECA)e3
- Interactor
- FON2e3pathogen
- Outcome
- the induction of melatonin-induced resistancee3
- Direction
- suppressede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e3“pretreatment with a MeJA synthesis inhibitor (DIECA) suppressed the induction of melatonin-induced resistance against FON2”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA induced upregulation of the melatonin biosynthetic gene ClCOMT1 in watermelon.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- MeJAe4
- Gene
- ClCOMT1e4
- Outcome
- melatonin biosynthetic genee4
- Direction
- upregulatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e4“MeJA also induced the upregulation of melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 ( ClCOMT1 ) and increased melatonin accumulation in response to FON2”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA increased melatonin accumulation in watermelon in response to FON2.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- MeJAe4
- Interactor
- FON2e4pathogen
- Outcome
- melatonin accumulatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e4“MeJA also induced the upregulation of melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 ( ClCOMT1 ) and increased melatonin accumulation in response to FON2”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous MeJA completely restored the FON2 resistance that was reduced by ClCOMT1 deletion.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of MeJAe5
- Interactor
- FON2e5pathogen
- Gene
- ClCOMT1e5
- Outcome
- FON2 resistancee5
- Direction
- completely restorede5
- Comparator
- ClCOMT1 deletione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e5“the reduction in FON2 resistance caused by ClCOMT1 deletion was completely restored through exogenous application of MeJA”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin facilitates MeJA accumulation, forming a reciprocal positive regulatory loop with melatonin accumulation in response to FON2.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- FON2e6pathogen
- Compound
- melatonine6
- Outcome
- MeJA accumulatione6
- Qualifier
- reciprocal positive regulatory loope6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e6“melatonin facilitates MeJA accumulation, which provides feedback to promote melatonin accumulation, forming a reciprocal positive regulatory loop in response to FON2 infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and lignin are involved in MeJA-induced resistance against FON2.
- Taxon
- Citrullus lanatusCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- FON2e7pathogen
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyasee7
- Compound
- lignine7
- Outcome
- MeJA-induced resistance against FON2e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrullus lanatus”
e7“polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and lignin are involved in the MeJA-induced resistance against FON2”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.