Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivation occurs mainly in regions with acidic soils, where high aluminum (Al) concentration is a major constraint to crop production. In this study, we evaluated tolerance and sensitivity traits to Al exposure and calcium (Ca) deficiency in bean plants, and determined the efficiency of Ca to mitigate the toxic Al effects. Two bean cultivars (BRS Estilo and Campos Gerais) were grown in three soil conditions: (I) soil liming with calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and Al unavailable (-Al+Ca); (II) fertilized soil with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2·4H2O] and Al available (+Al+Ca); and (III) soil without Ca addition and Al available (+Al-Ca). At the beginning of the reproductive stage, we evaluated the photosynthetic processes, mineral nutrition, and leaf anatomy and morphological traits of plants. The photosynthetic parameters were good tools for monitor Al sensitivity in bean. +Al+Ca soil treatment mitigated the deleterious effects of Al on growth and mineral nutrition of both bean cultivars. However, Ca did not prevent the toxic effects of Al on leaf anatomy. Al stress and Ca deficiency caused negative effects on nutrient content, photosynthetic activity and leaf anatomy of bean plants. Calcium mitigated Al toxicity, primarily in the Campos Gerais cultivar, showing the potential to improve bean crop productivity in acid soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic parameters served as indicators of aluminum sensitivity in bean.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic parameters were good tools for monitor Al sensitivity in bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate in aluminum-available soil mitigated adverse growth effects in both cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“+Al+Ca soil treatment mitigated the deleterious effects of Al on growth and mineral nutrition of both bean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate in aluminum-available soil mitigated adverse mineral nutrition effects in both cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“+Al+Ca soil treatment mitigated the deleterious effects of Al on growth and mineral nutrition of both bean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium did not prevent aluminum-induced leaf anatomical toxicity.
- Taxon
- bean plantse1
- Treatment
- Cae0
- Outcome
- toxic effects of Al on leaf anatomye0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ca did not prevent the toxic effects of Al on leaf anatomy”
e1“leaf anatomy of bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress and calcium deficiency adversely affected bean nutrient content.
- Taxon
- bean plantse0
- Treatment
- Al stress and Ca deficiencye0
- Outcome
- nutrient contente0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Al stress and Ca deficiency caused negative effects on nutrient content, photosynthetic activity and leaf anatomy of bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress and calcium deficiency adversely affected bean photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- bean plantse0
- Treatment
- Al stress and Ca deficiencye0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Al stress and Ca deficiency caused negative effects on nutrient content, photosynthetic activity and leaf anatomy of bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress and calcium deficiency adversely affected bean leaf anatomy.
- Taxon
- bean plantse0
- Treatment
- Al stress and Ca deficiencye0
- Outcome
- leaf anatomye0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Al stress and Ca deficiency caused negative effects on nutrient content, photosynthetic activity and leaf anatomy of bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium mitigation of aluminum toxicity was strongest in Campos Gerais.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Material
- Campos Geraise0
- Treatment
- Calciume0
- Outcome
- Al toxicitye0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Setting
- acid soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Calcium mitigated Al toxicity, primarily in the Campos Gerais cultivar, showing the potential to improve bean crop productivity in acid soils”
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