Abstract
The endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris is characterized as a plant growth-promoting agent under salt stress, but its mechanism is unknown. Herein, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase ( ACCD ) from the strain was confirmed that it had the ability of utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the sole nitrogen source. The full-length ACCD gene was 1152 bp, which encodes a mature protein of 384 amino acids with a molecular mass of 41.53 kDa. The ACCD activity was 3.9-fold in 3 mmol L −1 ACC by qRT-PCR under salt stress comparing with no salt tress. Ethylene production was increased to 34.55–70.60% and reduced the growth of rice by 23–69.73% under salt stress. Inoculation of P. liquidambaris increased root-shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and overall growth of stressed rice seedlings. ACC accumulation, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activities increased in salt-treated rice seedlings, while they were significantly reduced when P. liquidambaris was inoculated into rice by qRT-PCR. It therefore can be concluded that P. liquidambaris can be used as a plant growth promoting fungus against salt stress and other biotic or abiotic stresses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Phomopsis liquidambaris ACCD could use ACC as its sole nitrogen source.
- Interactor
- straine0symbiont
- Gene
- ACCDe0
- Outcome
- utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the sole nitrogen sourcee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase ( ACCD ) from the strain was confirmed that it had the ability of utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the sole nitrogen source”
Claim · model-written summary
The ACCD gene is 1152 bp long and encodes a 384 amino acid protein of 41.53 kDa.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The full-length ACCD gene was 1152 bp, which encodes a mature protein of 384 amino acids with a molecular mass of 41.53 kDa”
Claim · model-written summary
ACCD activity was 3.9-fold under salt stress compared with no salt stress.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The ACCD activity was 3.9-fold in 3 mmol L −1 ACC by qRT-PCR under salt stress comparing with no salt tress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, rice ethylene production increased by 34.55–70.60%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Ethylene productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.55–70.60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene production was increased to 34.55–70.60% and reduced the growth of rice by 23–69.73% under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, rice growth fell by 23–69.73%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growth of ricee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23–69.73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene production was increased to 34.55–70.60% and reduced the growth of rice by 23–69.73% under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with P. liquidambaris increased root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight of salt-stressed rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of P. liquidambarise0
- Interactor
- P. liquidambarisDiaporthe liquidambarise0symbiont
- Outcome
- root-shoot length, fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P. liquidambaris increased root-shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and overall growth of stressed rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with P. liquidambaris increased overall growth of salt-stressed rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of P. liquidambarise0
- Interactor
- P. liquidambarisDiaporthe liquidambarise0symbiont
- Outcome
- overall growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of P. liquidambaris increased root-shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and overall growth of stressed rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt increased rice seedling ACC accumulation and ACC synthase and oxidase activity, whereas fungal inoculation significantly reduced them.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- P. liquidambaris was inoculated into ricee0
- Interactor
- P. liquidambarisDiaporthe liquidambarise0symbiont
- Outcome
- ACC accumulation, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- salt-treated rice seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC accumulation, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activities increased in salt-treated rice seedlings, while they were significantly reduced when P. liquidambaris was inoculated into rice by qRT-PCR”
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