Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural inducer of disease resistance in some dicotyledonous plants. Rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) had the highest levels of SA among all plants tested for SA content (between 0.01 and 37.19 ,ug/g fresh weight). The second leaf of rice seedlings had slightly lower SA levels than any younger leaves. To investigate the role of SA in rice disease resistance, we examined the levels of SA in rice (cv M-201) after inoculation with bacterial and fungal pathogens. SA levels did not increase after inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20 or with the rice pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight. However, leaf SA levels in 28 rice varieties showed a correlation with generalized blast resistance, indicating that SA may play a role as a constitutive defense compound. Biosynthesis and metabolism of SA in rice was studied and compared to that of tobacco. Rice shoots converted ['4C]cinnamic acid to SA and the lignin precursors p-coumaric and ferulic acids, whereas ['4Clbenzoic acid was readily converted to SA. The data suggest that in rice, as in tobacco, SA is synthesized from cinnamic acid via benzoic acid. In rice shoots, SA is largely present as a free acid; however, exogenously supplied SA was converted to P-0-D-glucosylSA by an SA-inducible glucosyltransferase (SA-GTase). A 7-fold induction of SA-GTase activity was observed after 6 h of feeding 1 mm SA. Both rice roots and shoots showed similar patterns of SA-GTase induction by SA, with maximal induction after feeding with 1 mm SA.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seedlings had the highest salicylic acid levels among tested plants.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- levels of SAe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- between 0.01 and 37.19 ,ug/g fresh weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) had the highest levels of SA among all plants tested for SA content (between 0.01 and 37.19 ,ug/g fresh weight).”
Claim · model-written summary
The second leaf had slightly lower salicylic acid levels than younger leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- second leafe0
- Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- younger leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second leaf of rice seedlings had slightly lower SA levels than any younger leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae D20 did not increase rice salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae D20
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA levels did not increase after inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20 or with the rice pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight.”
e7“SA levels did not increase after inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20 or with the rice pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Magnaporthe grisea did not increase rice salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- Magnaporthe griseae0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe grisea
Pyricularia griseae0pathogen - Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA levels did not increase after inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20 or with the rice pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight.”
e7“SA levels did not increase after inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20 or with the rice pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani did not increase rice salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- Rhizoctonia solanie0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA levels did not increase after inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20 or with the rice pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight.”
e7“SA levels did not increase after inoculation with either the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae D20 or with the rice pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf salicylic acid levels correlated with generalized blast resistance across 28 rice varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Material
- 28 rice varietiese0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- generalized blast resistancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf SA levels in 28 rice varieties showed a correlation with generalized blast resistance”
e7“leaf SA levels in 28 rice varieties showed a correlation with generalized blast resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice shoots converted cinnamic acid to salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Compound
- cinnamic acide0
- Outcome
- SA and the lignin precursors p-coumaric and ferulic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice shoots converted ['4C]cinnamic acid to SA and the lignin precursors p-coumaric and ferulic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice readily converted benzoic acid to salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae7
- Compound
- benzoic acide0
- Outcome
- SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“['4Clbenzoic acid was readily converted to SA”
e7“Rice shoots converted”
Claim · model-written summary
The results suggest rice synthesizes salicylic acid from cinnamic acid through benzoic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- cinnamic acide0
- Outcome
- SA is synthesizede0
- Qualifier
- via benzoic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data suggest that in rice, as in tobacco, SA is synthesized from cinnamic acid via benzoic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice shoot salicylic acid was largely present as free acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- SA is largely present as a free acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice shoots, SA is largely present as a free acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenously supplied salicylic acid was converted to P-0-D-glucosylSA by SA-GTase.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- exogenously supplied SAe0
- Gene
- SA-inducible glucosyltransferase (SA-GTase)e0
- Outcome
- P-0-D-glucosylSAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously supplied SA was converted to P-0-D-glucosylSA by an SA-inducible glucosyltransferase (SA-GTase)”
e7“In rice shoots, SA is largely present as a free acid”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-GTase activity rose sevenfold after six hours of 1 mm SA feeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- feeding 1 mm SAe0
- Gene
- SA-GTasee0
- Outcome
- SA-GTase activitye0
- Direction
- inductione0
- Value
- 7-folde0
- Qualifier
- after 6 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 7-fold induction of SA-GTase activity was observed after 6 h of feeding 1 mm SA.”
e7“In rice shoots, SA is largely present as a free acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice roots and shoots showed similar SA-GTase induction patterns with maximal induction after 1 mm SA feeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- feeding with 1 mm SAe0
- Gene
- SA-GTasee0
- Outcome
- SA-GTase inductione0
- Direction
- maximal inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both rice roots and shoots showed similar patterns of SA-GTase induction by SA, with maximal induction after feeding with 1 mm SA.”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas syringae · physiology: hormones · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
inoculation · physiology: hormones · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.