Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of plant growth retardants, commonly applied for growth regulation, yield improvement, and biotic and abiotic stress alleviation. However, the effects of PBZ on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; Zingiberaceae), a rhizomatous herb, have not been well established. The objective of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the effect of PBZ on two different varieties of turmeric plants, ‘Surat Thani’ (‘URT’; high curcuminoids >5% w/w) and ‘Pichit’ (‘PJT’; low curcuminoids <3% w/w). Pseudostem height of cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ was significantly decreased by 14.82% over control, whereas it was unchanged in cv. ‘URT’. Interestingly, leaf greenness (SPAD value), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in cv. ‘PJT’ declined by 38.58% (340 µM PBZ) over control, as a result of low levels of total soluble sugars (TSS; 127.8 mg g-1 DW) in turmeric rhizome. A positive relation between photosynthetic abilities and aerial fresh weight was demonstrated. In addition, a negative relationship between TSS and total curcuminoids was evidently found (R2 = 0.4524). Curcuminoids yield in turmeric rhizomes significantly dropped, depending on the degree of exogenous foliar PBZ applications. In summary, cv. PJT was found to be very sensitive to PBZ application, whereas rhizome yield and growth traits and high amount of curcuminoids were retained in cv. ‘URT’. Plant growth retention in turmeric cv. ‘URT’ using 170 mM PBZ foliar spray without negative effects on rhizome biomass and total curcuminoids content was demonstrated.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PJT pseudostem height fell 14.82% under 340 µM PBZ.
- Taxon
- turmeric
_W_IMG_2440.jpg?width=60)
Curcuma longat0 - Material
- ‘PJT’e0
- Organ / stage
- Pseudosteme0
- Treatment
- 340 µM PBZe0
- Outcome
- Pseudostem heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 14.82%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_W_IMG_2440.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pseudostem height of cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ was significantly decreased by 14.82% over control”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
URT pseudostem height was unchanged.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Material
- ‘URT’e0
- Treatment
- 340 µM PBZe1
- Outcome
- Pseudostem heighte1
- Direction
- unchangede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas it was unchanged in cv. ‘URT’”
e1“Pseudostem height of cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ was significantly decreased by 14.82% over control”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
PJT leaf greenness rose 1.47 fold.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Material
- ‘PJT’e0
- Treatment
- 340 µM PBZe0
- Outcome
- leaf greennesse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 1.47e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf greenness (SPAD value), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
PJT maximum PSII quantum yield rose 1.28 fold.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Material
- ‘PJT’e0
- Treatment
- 340 µM PBZe0
- Outcome
- maximum quantum yield of PSIIe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 1.28e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
PJT photon yield of PSII rose 1.23 fold.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Material
- ‘PJT’e0
- Treatment
- 340 µM PBZe0
- Outcome
- photon yield of PSIIe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 1.23e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
PJT net photosynthesis declined 38.58%.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Material
- ‘PJT’e0
- Treatment
- 340 µM PBZe0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 38.58%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in cv. ‘PJT’ declined by 38.58% (340 µM PBZ) over control”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic abilities were positively related to aerial fresh weight.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Organ / stage
- aeriale0
- Outcome
- aerial fresh weighte0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- photosynthetic abilitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive relation between photosynthetic abilities and aerial fresh weight was demonstrated”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble sugar and curcuminoids had a negative relationship.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Compound
- TSSe0
- Outcome
- total curcuminoidse0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- R2 = 0.4524e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a negative relationship between TSS and total curcuminoids was evidently found (R2 = 0.4524)”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Curcuminoid yield declined with foliar PBZ application.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longae0
- Organ / stage
- rhizomese0
- Treatment
- exogenous foliar PBZ applicationse0
- Outcome
- Curcuminoids yielde0
- Direction
- droppede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Curcuminoids yield in turmeric rhizomes significantly dropped, depending on the degree of exogenous foliar PBZ applications”
Claim · model-written summary
URT retained rhizome yield, growth traits, and high curcuminoids after PBZ.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Material
- ‘URT’e0
- Treatment
- PBZe1
- Outcome
- rhizome yield and growth traits and high amount of curcuminoidse0
- Direction
- retainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rhizome yield and growth traits and high amount of curcuminoids were retained in cv. ‘URT’”
e1“Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of plant growth retardants”
t0“turmeric (Curcuma longa)”
Claim · model-written summary
URT retained growth without negative biomass or curcuminoid effects under foliar PBZ.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longae0
- Material
- ‘URT’e0
- Treatment
- 170 mM PBZ foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- rhizome biomass and total curcuminoids contente0
- Direction
- without negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth retention in turmeric cv. ‘URT’ using 170 mM PBZ foliar spray without negative effects on rhizome biomass and total curcuminoids content was demonstrated”
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