Abstract
The purpose of the survey was to determine acute & chronic toxicity; in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of the different extracts of A. fraxinifolius Wight and Arn bark; along with estimation of the phenolic, flavonoidal contents and investigation of phenolic metabolites that may attribute to the activities. LD50 of the total ethanol extract (TEE) was 7.1 g/kg b. wt, the radical scavenging activity of DPPH showed 60.31% inhibition, FRAP ability and ABTS+ activity showed 55.024 and 67.217 µmol Trolox/100 g dry weight, respectively. TEE followed by ethyl acetate extract (EAE) at 100 mg/kg b.w exhibited the highest in vivo antioxidant activity (94.51% and 91.08% potency, respectively) compared with Vit E (100%). The TEE & EAE exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity (3.81±0.08 & 3.79±.0.04) respectively in comparison with indomethacin 3.83±0.01 measured as edema diameter after 4 hours of extract administration. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the total ethanol extract (TEE) estimated as gallic acid and catechin equivalents were 61.06± 0.08 μg eq GA/g, 40.33± 0.20 μg CE/g extract respectively. EAE revealed five phenolic acids and eight flavonoid compounds isolated for the first time from the plant.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The LD50 of the total ethanol extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius bark was 7.1 g/kg body weight.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifolius
Acrocarpus fraxinifoliust0 - Material
- total ethanol extract (TEE)e1
- Outcome
- LD50e1
- Value
- 7.1 g/kg b. wte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“LD50 of the total ethanol extract (TEE) was 7.1 g/kg b. wt”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The radical scavenging activity of DPPH of the bark extract was 60.31% inhibition.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Outcome
- radical scavenging activity of DPPHe1
- Value
- 60.31%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the radical scavenging activity of DPPH showed 60.31% inhibition”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
FRAP ability of the bark extract was 55.024 (Trolox equivalents).
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Outcome
- FRAP abilitye1
- Value
- 55.024e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“FRAP ability and ABTS+ activity showed 55.024 and 67.217 µmol Trolox/100 g dry weight, respectively”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
ABTS+ activity of the bark extract was 67.217 (Trolox equivalents).
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Outcome
- ABTS+ activitye1
- Value
- 67.217e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“FRAP ability and ABTS+ activity showed 55.024 and 67.217 µmol Trolox/100 g dry weight, respectively”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The total ethanol extract at 100 mg/kg body weight had the highest in vivo antioxidant activity (94.51% potency) compared with Vitamin E.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- TEEe2
- Treatment
- 100 mg/kg b.we2
- Outcome
- in vivo antioxidant activitye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 94.51%e2
- Qualifier
- 100%e2
- Comparator
- Vit Ee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“TEE followed by ethyl acetate extract (EAE) at 100 mg/kg b.w exhibited the highest in vivo antioxidant activity (94.51% and 91.08% potency, respectively) compared with Vit E (100%)”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethyl acetate extract at 100 mg/kg body weight had in vivo antioxidant activity of 91.08% potency, following the total ethanol extract, compared with Vitamin E.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- ethyl acetate extract (EAE)e2
- Treatment
- 100 mg/kg b.we2
- Outcome
- in vivo antioxidant activitye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 91.08%e2
- Qualifier
- 100%e2
- Comparator
- Vit Ee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“TEE followed by ethyl acetate extract (EAE) at 100 mg/kg b.w exhibited the highest in vivo antioxidant activity (94.51% and 91.08% potency, respectively) compared with Vit E (100%)”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The total ethanol extract had the highest anti-inflammatory activity (edema diameter 3.81±0.08) in comparison with indomethacin.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- TEEe3
- Treatment
- extract administratione3
- Outcome
- anti-inflammatory activitye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 3.81±0.08e3
- Qualifier
- 3.83±0.01e3
- Comparator
- indomethacine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The TEE & EAE exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity (3.81±0.08 & 3.79±.0.04) respectively in comparison with indomethacin 3.83±0.01 measured as edema diameter after 4 hours of extract administration”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethyl acetate extract had the highest anti-inflammatory activity (edema diameter 3.79±.0.04) in comparison with indomethacin.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- EAEe3
- Treatment
- extract administratione3
- Outcome
- anti-inflammatory activitye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 3.79±.0.04e3
- Qualifier
- 3.83±0.01e3
- Comparator
- indomethacine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The TEE & EAE exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity (3.81±0.08 & 3.79±.0.04) respectively in comparison with indomethacin 3.83±0.01 measured as edema diameter after 4 hours of extract administration”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The bark total ethanol extract contained total phenolic content of 61.06 µg gallic acid equivalents per g.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- total ethanol extract (TEE)e4
- Outcome
- total phenolice4
- Value
- 61.06± 0.08 μg eq GA/ge4
- Qualifier
- estimated as gallic acid and catechin equivalentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the total ethanol extract (TEE) estimated as gallic acid and catechin equivalents were 61.06± 0.08 μg eq GA/g, 40.33± 0.20 μg CE/g extract respectively”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The bark total ethanol extract contained total flavonoid content of 40.33 µg catechin equivalents per g of extract.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- total ethanol extract (TEE)e4
- Outcome
- total flavonoide4
- Value
- 40.33± 0.20 μg CE/g extracte4
- Qualifier
- estimated as gallic acid and catechin equivalentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the total ethanol extract (TEE) estimated as gallic acid and catechin equivalents were 61.06± 0.08 μg eq GA/g, 40.33± 0.20 μg CE/g extract respectively”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethyl acetate extract yielded five phenolic acids isolated for the first time from the plant.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- EAEe5
- Outcome
- phenolic acidse5
- Value
- fivee5
- Qualifier
- isolated for the first time from the plante5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“EAE revealed five phenolic acids and eight flavonoid compounds isolated for the first time from the plant”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethyl acetate extract yielded eight flavonoid compounds isolated for the first time from the plant.
- Taxon
- Acrocarpus fraxinifoliusAcrocarpus fraxinifoliust0
- Material
- EAEe5
- Outcome
- flavonoid compoundse5
- Value
- eighte5
- Qualifier
- isolated for the first time from the plante5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“EAE revealed five phenolic acids and eight flavonoid compounds isolated for the first time from the plant”
t0“Acrocarpus fraxinifolius”