Abstract
One of the main critical points in the production process of orange trees is the negative interference imposed by weeds. Considering the relevance of this factor, this study aims to evaluate integrated methods for weed control on the yield of orange (Citrus sinensis L.), cv. ‘Natal’. A field experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with the following nine treatments: manual weeding of the area associated with maintenance with herbicide; herbicide application in the total area; herbicide application in the total area followed by sowing of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) between the rows; herbicide application in the total area followed by sowing of the legume in the total area; herbicide application between the rows only in the free space between canopies; herbicide application in the row; herbicide application in the canopy projection; herbicide application in the total area except for the canopy projection; besides a control treatment, without weeding. The herbicide used was glyphosate, always applied at a dose of 1,080 g ha-1. Among the studied managements, it can be concluded that the manual weeding of the area associated with maintenance with glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1); glyphosate application in the total area; glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack bean between the rows; glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack beans in the total area; and glyphosate application in the canopy projection resulted in the same yield as the traditional management adopted by the farmer, which consists of glyphosate application in the row. On the other hand, glyphosate application in the total area except for the canopy projection and glyphosate application between the rows only in the free space between canopies were not good weed control methods, resulting in lower yield, whose value was similar to that of the control without weeding (in the bush).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Manual weeding with glyphosate maintenance matched traditional row glyphosate yield.
Verbatim
e0“manual weeding of the area associated with maintenance with glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1); glyphosate application in the total area; glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack bean between the rows; glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack beans in the total area; and glyphosate application in the canopy projection resulted in the same yield as the traditional management adopted by the farmer, which consists of glyphosate application in the row.”
t0“orange tree”
t1“Natal”
e1“Natal”
e2“weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-area glyphosate matched traditional row glyphosate yield.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate application in the total area; glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack bean between the rows; glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack beans in the total area; and glyphosate application in the canopy projection resulted in the same yield as the traditional management adopted by the farmer, which consists of glyphosate application in the row.”
t0“orange tree”
t1“Natal”
e1“Natal”
e2“weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-area glyphosate followed by between-row jack bean matched traditional yield.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Material
- Natale1
- Treatment
- glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack bean between the rowse0
- Interactor
- jack bean
Canavalia ensiformise0other - Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- glyphosate application in the rowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack bean between the rows; glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack beans in the total area; and glyphosate application in the canopy projection resulted in the same yield as the traditional management adopted by the farmer, which consists of glyphosate application in the row.”
t0“orange tree”
t1“Natal”
e1“Natal”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-area glyphosate followed by whole-area jack beans matched traditional yield.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Material
- Natale1
- Treatment
- glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack beans in the total areae0
- Interactor
- jack beansCanavalia ensiformise0other
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- glyphosate application in the rowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate application in the total area followed by sowing of jack beans in the total area; and glyphosate application in the canopy projection resulted in the same yield as the traditional management adopted by the farmer, which consists of glyphosate application in the row.”
t0“orange tree”
t1“Natal”
e1“Natal”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy-projection glyphosate matched traditional row glyphosate yield.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate application in the canopy projection resulted in the same yield as the traditional management adopted by the farmer, which consists of glyphosate application in the row.”
t0“orange tree”
t1“Natal”
e1“Natal”
e2“weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-area glyphosate except canopy projection gave lower yield, similar to no weeding.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate application in the total area except for the canopy projection and glyphosate application between the rows only in the free space between canopies were not good weed control methods, resulting in lower yield, whose value was similar to that of the control without weeding (in the bush).”
t0“orange tree”
t1“Natal”
e1“Natal”
e2“weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Between-row glyphosate only in canopy free space gave lower yield, similar to no weeding.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate application between the rows only in the free space between canopies were not good weed control methods, resulting in lower yield, whose value was similar to that of the control without weeding (in the bush).”
t0“orange tree”
t1“Natal”
e1“Natal”
e2“weeds”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.