Paper · 2021 · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

Improving growth and productivity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) using chitosan, tryptophan, and potassium silicate anti-transpirants under different irrigation regimes

Sarah E.E. Fouda; Fathy M.A. El-Saadony; Ahmed M. Saad; et al.

20
claims
48
verbatim quotes
34
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

This work aims to study the effect of foliar spraying of three anti-transpirants i.e., A­1: tryptophan (Tri), A2: potassium silicate (KS), A3: chitosan (Chi) as well as A0: control (Tap water) under three irrigation regimes, I1: 2400, I2: 3600, and I3: 4800 m3ha−1 on the quality and production of faba bean crop and its nutrient contents. The study was carried out during two successive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. Drought stress affected the average performance of all studied traits as it reduced seed yield and traits, as a result of the decrease in chlorophyll related to photosynthesis, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, amino acids, macronutrients (N, P, and K), micronutrient contents (Fe, Mn, and Zn) and their absorption. The single foliar spraying of faba bean with tryptophan 75 ppm, potassium silicate at 100 ppm, or chitosan at 750 ppm significantly increased all studied traits and reduced the drought stress compared to control under different irrigation systems. We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3 led to an improvement in the physiological properties of the plant, i.e., plant height, the number of branches/plants, and the number of plants, pods plant−1, the number of seed pods−1, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield ha−1 increased with relative increase about 42.29, 89.47, 28.85, 75.91, 24.43, and 306.48% compared to control. The quality properties also improved, as the total chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, and amino acids were higher than the control with a relative increase of 63.83, 29.58, 27.72, 37.54, and 64.19%. Additionally, an increase in the contents and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, and K), and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) and their absorption. The increase was estimated with 29.41, 75.00, 16.56, 431.17, 630.48, 72.68%, 22.37, 35.69, 42.33, 397.63, 452.58, and 485.94% about the control. This was followed by potassium silicate (100 ppm), then tryptophan (75 ppm) compared to the control, which recorded the minimum values ​​in plant traits.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 20

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought reduced faba bean seed yield and yield traits.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
Drought stresse0
Outcome
seed yield and traitse0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“Drought stress affected the average performance of all studied traits as it reduced seed yield and traits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 431–536 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought reduced chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrates.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
Drought stresse0
Outcome
chlorophyll related to photosynthesis, protein, carbohydratese0
Direction
decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“Drought stress affected the average performance of all studied traits as it reduced seed yield and traits, as a result of the decrease in chlorophyll related to photosynthesis, protein, carbohydrates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 431–630 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought reduced phenols, amino acids and macro- and micronutrient contents and absorption.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
Drought stresse0
Outcome
total phenols, amino acids, macronutrients (N, P, and K), micronutrient contents (Fe, Mn, and Zn) and their absorptione0
Direction
decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“Drought stress affected the average performance of all studied traits as it reduced seed yield and traits, as a result of the decrease in chlorophyll related to photosynthesis, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, amino acids, macronutrients (N, P, and K), micronutrient contents (Fe, Mn, and Zn) and their absorption”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 431–750 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Tryptophan foliar spray significantly increased studied traits and reduced drought stress versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
tryptophan 75 ppme0
Outcome
all studied traitse0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The single foliar spraying of faba bean with tryptophan 75 ppm, potassium silicate at 100 ppm, or chitosan at 750 ppm significantly increased all studied traits and reduced the drought stress compared to control under different irrigation systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–998 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium silicate foliar spray significantly increased studied traits and reduced drought stress versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
potassium silicate at 100 ppme0
Outcome
all studied traitse0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The single foliar spraying of faba bean with tryptophan 75 ppm, potassium silicate at 100 ppm, or chitosan at 750 ppm significantly increased all studied traits and reduced the drought stress compared to control under different irrigation systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–998 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan foliar spray significantly increased studied traits and reduced drought stress versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan at 750 ppme0
Outcome
all studied traitse0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The single foliar spraying of faba bean with tryptophan 75 ppm, potassium silicate at 100 ppm, or chitosan at 750 ppm significantly increased all studied traits and reduced the drought stress compared to control under different irrigation systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–998 · show in text ↑
Recommendationobservedoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend chitosan foliar spray at 750 ppm under 4800 m3 irrigation.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Outcome
using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Qualifier
under an irrigation level of 4800 m3e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1114 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan at 750 ppm and 4800 m3 irrigation increased plant height by 42.29 relative to control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
increasede0
Value
42.29e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3 led to an improvement in the physiological properties of the plant, i.e., plant height, the number of branches/plants, and the number of plants, pods plant−1, the number of seed pods−1, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield ha−1 increased with relative increase about 42.29, 89.47, 28.85, 75.91, 24.43, and 306.48% compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1450 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan at 750 ppm and 4800 m3 irrigation increased the number of branches/plants by 89.47 relative to control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Outcome
the number of branches/plantse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
89.47e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3 led to an improvement in the physiological properties of the plant, i.e., plant height, the number of branches/plants, and the number of plants, pods plant−1, the number of seed pods−1, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield ha−1 increased with relative increase about 42.29, 89.47, 28.85, 75.91, 24.43, and 306.48% compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1450 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan at 750 ppm and 4800 m3 irrigation increased the number of plants by 28.85 relative to control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Outcome
the number of plantse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
28.85e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3 led to an improvement in the physiological properties of the plant, i.e., plant height, the number of branches/plants, and the number of plants, pods plant−1, the number of seed pods−1, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield ha−1 increased with relative increase about 42.29, 89.47, 28.85, 75.91, 24.43, and 306.48% compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1450 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan at 750 ppm and 4800 m3 irrigation increased pods plant−1 by 75.91 relative to control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Outcome
pods plant−1e0
Direction
increasede0
Value
75.91e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3 led to an improvement in the physiological properties of the plant, i.e., plant height, the number of branches/plants, and the number of plants, pods plant−1, the number of seed pods−1, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield ha−1 increased with relative increase about 42.29, 89.47, 28.85, 75.91, 24.43, and 306.48% compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1450 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan at 750 ppm and 4800 m3 irrigation increased the number of seed pods−1 by 24.43 relative to control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Outcome
the number of seed pods−1e0
Direction
increasede0
Value
24.43e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3 led to an improvement in the physiological properties of the plant, i.e., plant height, the number of branches/plants, and the number of plants, pods plant−1, the number of seed pods−1, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield ha−1 increased with relative increase about 42.29, 89.47, 28.85, 75.91, 24.43, and 306.48% compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1450 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan at 750 ppm and 4800 m3 irrigation increased seed yield ha−1 by 306.48% relative to control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e0
Outcome
seed yield ha−1e0
Direction
increasede0
Value
306.48%e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“We recommended using a foliar spray of chitosan (750 ppm) on faba bean plants under an irrigation level of 4800 m3 led to an improvement in the physiological properties of the plant, i.e., plant height, the number of branches/plants, and the number of plants, pods plant−1, the number of seed pods−1, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield ha−1 increased with relative increase about 42.29, 89.47, 28.85, 75.91, 24.43, and 306.48% compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1450 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan improved total chlorophyll by 63.83 versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e1
Outcome
total chlorophylle0
Direction
highere0
Value
63.83e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The quality properties also improved, as the total chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, and amino acids were higher than the control with a relative increase of 63.83, 29.58, 27.72, 37.54, and 64.19%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1452–1666 · show in text ↑
e1

“chitosan (750 ppm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan improved protein by 29.58 versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e1
Outcome
proteine0
Direction
highere0
Value
29.58e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The quality properties also improved, as the total chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, and amino acids were higher than the control with a relative increase of 63.83, 29.58, 27.72, 37.54, and 64.19%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1452–1666 · show in text ↑
e1

“chitosan (750 ppm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan improved carbohydrates by 27.72 versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e1
Outcome
carbohydratese0
Direction
highere0
Value
27.72e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The quality properties also improved, as the total chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, and amino acids were higher than the control with a relative increase of 63.83, 29.58, 27.72, 37.54, and 64.19%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1452–1666 · show in text ↑
e1

“chitosan (750 ppm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan improved total phenols by 37.54 versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e1
Outcome
total phenolse0
Direction
highere0
Value
37.54e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The quality properties also improved, as the total chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, and amino acids were higher than the control with a relative increase of 63.83, 29.58, 27.72, 37.54, and 64.19%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1452–1666 · show in text ↑
e1

“chitosan (750 ppm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan improved amino acids by 64.19% versus control.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e1
Outcome
amino acidse0
Direction
highere0
Value
64.19%e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“The quality properties also improved, as the total chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates, total phenols, and amino acids were higher than the control with a relative increase of 63.83, 29.58, 27.72, 37.54, and 64.19%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1452–1666 · show in text ↑
e1

“chitosan (750 ppm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan increased macronutrient contents and uptake.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e1
Outcome
contents and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, and K)e0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“an increase in the contents and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, and K)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1682–1752 · show in text ↑
e1

“chitosan (750 ppm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitosan increased micronutrient contents and absorption.

Taxon
faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment
chitosan (750 ppm)e2
Outcome
micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) and their absorptione0
Direction
increasee1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62 · show in text ↑
e0

“micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) and their absorption”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1758–1806 · show in text ↑
e1

“Additionally, an increase in the contents and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, and K), and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) and their absorption”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1668–1806 · show in text ↑
e2

“chitosan (750 ppm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1057 · show in text ↑

chitosan · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

chitosan · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

chitosan · quality: phytochemicals · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

drought · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results differ

40 papers: 7 positive, 33 negative or no effect

32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

36 papers more in this group

See all 40 papers →

drought · quality: phytochemicals · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree

2 papers: 0 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree

9 papers: 0 positive, 9 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.