Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular-degradation mechanism implicated in antiviral defense in plants. Studies have shown that autophagy suppresses virus accumulation in cells; however, it has not been reported to specifically inhibit viral spread in plants. This study demonstrated that infection with citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV; genus Citrivirus, family Betaflexiviridae) activated autophagy in Nicotiana benthamiana plants as indicated by the increase of autophagosome formation. Impairment of autophagy through silencing of N. benthamiana autophagy-related gene 5 (NbATG5) and NbATG7 enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV; however, it did not affect CLBV accumulation when the systemic infection had been fully established. Treatment using an autophagy inhibitor or silencing of NbATG5 and NbATG7 revealed that transiently expressed movement protein (MP), but not coat protein, of CLBV was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation. Moreover, we identified that CLBV MP directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i, the isoforms of autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), which are key factors that usually bind cargo receptors for selective autophagy. Our results present a novel example in which autophagy specifically targets a viral MP to limit the intercellular spread of the virus in plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with citrus leaf blotch virus increased autophagosome formation in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- infection with citrus leaf blotch viruse0
- Interactor
- citrus leaf blotch virusCitrus leaf blotch viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- autophagosome formatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infection with citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV; genus Citrivirus, family Betaflexiviridae) activated autophagy in Nicotiana benthamiana plants as indicated by the increase of autophagosome formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of NbATG5 and NbATG7 enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- silencing of N. benthamiana autophagy-related gene 5 (NbATG5) and NbATG7e1
- Interactor
- CLBVe1pathogen
- Gene
- NbATG5e1
- Outcome
- cell-to-cell and systemic movemente1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Impairment of autophagy through silencing of N. benthamiana autophagy-related gene 5 (NbATG5) and NbATG7 enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of NbATG5 and NbATG7 did not affect CLBV accumulation once systemic infection was established.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- silencing of N. benthamiana autophagy-related gene 5 (NbATG5) and NbATG7e1
- Outcome
- CLBV accumulatione2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
- Qualifier
- when the systemic infection had been fully establishede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Impairment of autophagy through silencing of N. benthamiana autophagy-related gene 5 (NbATG5) and NbATG7 enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV”
e2“it did not affect CLBV accumulation when the systemic infection had been fully established”
Claim · model-written summary
Transiently expressed CLBV movement protein, but not coat protein, was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- an autophagy inhibitore3
- Gene
- movement protein (MP)e3
- Outcome
- targeted by selective autophagy for degradatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e3“Treatment using an autophagy inhibitor or silencing of NbATG5 and NbATG7 revealed that transiently expressed movement protein (MP), but not coat protein, of CLBV was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
Coat protein of CLBV was not targeted by selective autophagy for degradation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- coat proteine3
- Outcome
- targeted by selective autophagy for degradatione3
- Qualifier
- but not coat proteine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e3“Treatment using an autophagy inhibitor or silencing of NbATG5 and NbATG7 revealed that transiently expressed movement protein (MP), but not coat protein, of CLBV was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
CLBV movement protein directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Interactor
- CLBV MPe4pathogen
- Gene
- NbATG8C1e4
- Outcome
- directly interactede4
- Qualifier
- NbATG8ie4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e4“we identified that CLBV MP directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i, the isoforms of autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8)”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.