Abstract
Abstract In the Loess Plateau region of China, winter wheat often undergoes prolonged cloudy days without rain which may affect the grain yield and quality. This study examined the impacts of shading and drought conditions during the grain‐filling period of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) on photosynthesis, grain yield and quality traits in a greenhouse experiment. The imposed shading and irrigation‐deficit treatments were corresponded with naturally cloudy weather in the rainfed area. Five shading treatments, 15 days shading (SD15); 12 days shading (SD12); 9 days shading (SD9); 6 days shading (SD6); and 3 days shading (SD3), and four irrigation treatments: full irrigation (I100); 75% of full irrigation (I75); 50% of full irrigation (I50); and 25% of full irrigation (I25), were applied after completion of flowering. The results showed that shading during grain filling decreased the grain yield and individual grain weight irrespective of the dry or wet conditions of the soil. Plant height increased with a decrease in shading duration to favour the efficient capturing of light. The reduction in the rate of photosynthesis was noted with an increase in the drought intensity. Shading significantly reduced the grain protein contents and increased the grain starch contents. In conclusion, shading for a long duration (SD15, SD12 and SD9) and drought stress (I25) during the grain‐filling stage significantly decreased the yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The shading of few days without drought (I100: SD3, SD6 and SD9) improved the plant height, photosynthetic activity and increased the distribution of dry matter from vegetative organs to grains.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during grain filling decreased winter wheat grain yield under dry and wet soil conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- shading during grain fillinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of the dry or wet conditions of the soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that shading during grain filling decreased the grain yield and individual grain weight irrespective of the dry or wet conditions of the soil.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during grain filling decreased individual winter wheat grain weight under dry and wet soil conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shading during grain fillinge0
- Outcome
- individual grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of the dry or wet conditions of the soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that shading during grain filling decreased the grain yield and individual grain weight irrespective of the dry or wet conditions of the soil.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat plant height increased as shading duration decreased.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shading duratione0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height increased with a decrease in shading duration to favour the efficient capturing of light.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat photosynthesis rate decreased as drought intensity increased.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought intensitye0
- Outcome
- rate of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in the rate of photosynthesis was noted with an increase in the drought intensity.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly reduced winter wheat grain protein contents.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Outcome
- grain protein contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading significantly reduced the grain protein contents and increased the grain starch contents.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading increased winter wheat grain starch contents.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Outcome
- grain starch contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading significantly reduced the grain protein contents and increased the grain starch contents.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Long shading duration significantly decreased winter wheat yield and grain quality during grain filling.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grain‐filling stagee0
- Treatment
- shading for a long duration (SD15, SD12 and SD9)e0
- Outcome
- yield and grain qualitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, shading for a long duration (SD15, SD12 and SD9) and drought stress (I25) during the grain‐filling stage significantly decreased the yield and grain quality of winter wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
I25 drought stress significantly decreased winter wheat yield and grain quality during grain filling.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grain‐filling stagee0
- Treatment
- drought stress (I25)e0
- Outcome
- yield and grain qualitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, shading for a long duration (SD15, SD12 and SD9) and drought stress (I25) during the grain‐filling stage significantly decreased the yield and grain quality of winter wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brief shading without drought improved winter wheat height and photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shading of few days without drought (I100: SD3, SD6 and SD9)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shading of few days without drought (I100: SD3, SD6 and SD9) improved the plant height, photosynthetic activity and increased the distribution of dry matter from vegetative organs to grains.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Brief shading without drought increased dry-matter distribution from vegetative organs to winter wheat grains.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shading of few days without drought (I100: SD3, SD6 and SD9)e0
- Outcome
- distribution of dry matter from vegetative organs to grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shading of few days without drought (I100: SD3, SD6 and SD9) improved the plant height, photosynthetic activity and increased the distribution of dry matter from vegetative organs to grains.”
t0“winter wheat”
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