Abstract
The production of chrysanthemums is severely hampered by Fusarium wilt, which is exacerbated by monoculture. In this study, the role of inorganic plant nutrition fertilizer (IPN), organic fertilizer (OF) and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) in avoiding monoculture-related production constraints was evaluated. We conducted a series of greenhouse experiments and studied the growth of chrysanthemum and changes in rhizosphere soil microflora and function. BOF application reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt by 82.8% and increased the chrysanthemum shoot height and flower ray floret number by 31.4% and 26.1%, respectively. High-throughput Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing results indicated that BOF and OF treatments increased the values of α-diversity indices of bacteria and fungi. In addition, significant alterations in microbe community structures were found in response to IPN, OF or BOF application. Among the major genera detected after BOF treatments, the levels of Fusarium and Glycomyces decreased while Cladosporium, arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophyte groups increased. In particular, the abundance of Mariniflexile had a positive relationship (R = 0.693, p < 0.05) with the incidence of Fusarium wilt, while Cladosporium showed a significant negative relationship (R = −0.586, p < 0.05). Interestingly, an analysis of microbiomes based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the functions of signal transduction, bacterial secretion system, oxidative phosphorylation and the metabolism of carbohydrate, nitrogen and amino acids all increased in both BOF and OF treatments. The results suggested that BOF could be effective for chrysanthemum monoculture soil restoration, potentially by altering the microbial community structures and functions, which affect the physiological and morphological attributes of chrysanthemum in monoculture.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
BOF application reduced Fusarium wilt incidence in chrysanthemum by 82.8% in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
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Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- BOF applicatione1
- Outcome
- incidence of Fusarium wilte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 82.8%e1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e0“We conducted a series of greenhouse experiments”
e1“BOF application reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt by 82.8% and increased the chrysanthemum shoot height and flower ray floret number by 31.4% and 26.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF application increased chrysanthemum shoot height by 31.4% in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- BOF applicatione1
- Outcome
- shoot heighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 31.4%e1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e0“We conducted a series of greenhouse experiments”
e1“BOF application reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt by 82.8% and increased the chrysanthemum shoot height and flower ray floret number by 31.4% and 26.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF application increased chrysanthemum flower ray floret number by 26.1% in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- BOF applicatione1
- Outcome
- flower ray floret numbere1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 26.1%e1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e0“We conducted a series of greenhouse experiments”
e1“BOF application reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt by 82.8% and increased the chrysanthemum shoot height and flower ray floret number by 31.4% and 26.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF and OF treatments increased the alpha-diversity indices of bacteria and fungi in chrysanthemum rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- BOF and OF treatmentse2
- Outcome
- the values of α-diversity indices of bacteria and fungie2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e2“BOF and OF treatments increased the values of α-diversity indices of bacteria and fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
IPN, OF or BOF application significantly altered microbe community structures in chrysanthemum rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- IPN, OF or BOF applicatione3
- Outcome
- microbe community structurese3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e3“significant alterations in microbe community structures were found in response to IPN, OF or BOF application”
Claim · model-written summary
After BOF treatments, Fusarium and Glycomyces levels decreased in chrysanthemum rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- BOF treatmentse4
- Second interactor
- GlycomycesGlycomycese4other
- Outcome
- the levels of Fusarium and Glycomycese4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e4“Among the major genera detected after BOF treatments, the levels of Fusarium and Glycomyces decreased while Cladosporium, arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophyte groups increased”
Claim · model-written summary
After BOF treatments, Cladosporium, arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophyte groups increased in chrysanthemum rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- BOF treatmentse4
- Interactor
- Cladosporium
Cladosporiume4other - Second interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizale4symbiont
- Outcome
- Cladosporium, arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophyte groupse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- endophyte groupse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e4“Among the major genera detected after BOF treatments, the levels of Fusarium and Glycomyces decreased while Cladosporium, arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophyte groups increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Mariniflexile abundance was positively related to Fusarium wilt incidence (R = 0.693, p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Second interactor
- MariniflexileMariniflexilee5other
- Outcome
- incidence of Fusarium wilte5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- R = 0.693e5
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e5“the abundance of Mariniflexile had a positive relationship (R = 0.693, p < 0.05) with the incidence of Fusarium wilt, while Cladosporium showed a significant negative relationship (R = −0.586, p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cladosporium abundance was negatively related to Fusarium wilt incidence (R = −0.586, p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Interactor
- CladosporiumCladosporiume5other
- Outcome
- incidence of Fusarium wilte5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- R = −0.586e5
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e5“the abundance of Mariniflexile had a positive relationship (R = 0.693, p < 0.05) with the incidence of Fusarium wilt, while Cladosporium showed a significant negative relationship (R = −0.586, p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF and OF treatments increased the microbial functions of signal transduction, bacterial secretion system and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- BOF and OF treatmentse6
- Outcome
- signal transduction, bacterial secretion system, oxidative phosphorylatione6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e6“the functions of signal transduction, bacterial secretion system, oxidative phosphorylation and the metabolism of carbohydrate, nitrogen and amino acids all increased in both BOF and OF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF and OF treatments increased the microbial functions of carbohydrate, nitrogen and amino acid metabolism.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- BOF and OF treatmentse6
- Outcome
- the metabolism of carbohydrate, nitrogen and amino acidse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chrysanthemum Monoculture”
e6“the functions of signal transduction, bacterial secretion system, oxidative phosphorylation and the metabolism of carbohydrate, nitrogen and amino acids all increased in both BOF and OF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF could be effective for soil restoration in chrysanthemum monoculture.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume7
- Treatment
- BOFe7
- Outcome
- soil restoratione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“BOF could be effective for chrysanthemum monoculture soil restoration”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · ChrysanthemumPositive and negative results
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- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 52 papers →fertilization · Fusarium · ChrysanthemumResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.