Abstract
Limited availability of nutrients to crops is a major agricultural concern. Deteriorated soil health and poor fertility status decrease the bioavailability of essential nutrients to the plants. Consequently, organic soil amendment biochar is gaining attention due to its potential benefits. Rhizobacterial inoculation, are also documented as an effective technology for mobilization of immobile nutrients in soil. However, limited literature is available on combined use of rhizobacteria and biochar. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the changes in the nutrient content of einkorn wheat and the change in some soil properties during the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar. Four doses of biochar (0, 2.5, 5, and 10%) were applied with and without PGPR in the study. Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR) and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elements. While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values. Combined biochar applications and PGPR had a significant effect on the pH, RFW, R/S, P, Na, and Cu. In conclusion, the combination of biochar and PGPR applications has shown a positive effect in terms of soil properties, plant growth, and element contents of einkorn wheat.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased wheat fresh and dry plant and root weights.
- Taxon
- Einkorn Wheat
Triticum monococcumt0 - Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR)”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased wheat root dry weight, tiller number and germination rate.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR)”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased potassium, calcium and sodium elements.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR) and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elements.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased iron, copper and zinc elements.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR) and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elements.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased manganese and nickel elements.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elementse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR) and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elements.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR raised soil pH.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR applicatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR increased root dry and fresh weight and R/S.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR applicatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry and fresh weight of root, R/Se0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR increased potassium, calcium and magnesium contents.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR applicatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- K, Ca, Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR increased iron and nickel contents.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR applicatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fe, and Ni contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR decreased PH, plant fresh weight and tillers.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR applicatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- PH, PFW, tillerse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR decreased germination rate, phosphorus and copper.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR applicatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- GR, P, Cue0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR decreased zinc values.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR applicatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Zn valuese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and PGPR significantly affected pH, root fresh weight and R/S.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- Combined biochar applications and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- pH, RFW, R/Se0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined biochar applications and PGPR had a significant effect on the pH, RFW, R/S, P, Na, and Cu.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and PGPR significantly affected phosphorus, sodium and copper.
- Taxon
- Einkorn WheatTriticum monococcumt0
- Treatment
- Combined biochar applications and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P, Na, and Cue0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined biochar applications and PGPR had a significant effect on the pH, RFW, R/S, P, Na, and Cu.”
t0“Einkorn Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret combined biochar and PGPR as beneficial to soil properties and wheat growth and elements.
- Taxon
- einkorn wheatTriticum monococcume0
- Treatment
- combination of biochar and PGPR applicationse0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil properties, plant growth, and element contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, the combination of biochar and PGPR applications has shown a positive effect in terms of soil properties, plant growth, and element contents of einkorn wheat.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Triticum monococcum (einkorn wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.