Abstract
Direct-seeded rice cultures are becoming increasingly popular in the wake of labor and water crises. Nevertheless, sustainability of this rice culture is threatened by weed menace and managing weeds seems indispensable to safeguard rice yield and quality. Supplementing herbicides with manual weeding can prove more advantageous in controlling weeds than their sole application. To validate this statement, different pre- and post-emergence herbicides were applied either alone or supplemented with manual weeding in a field study. Pendimethalin at 1137 g a.i. ha-1 as pre- emergence [0 d after sowing (DAS)], bispyribac sodium, penoxsulam, pyrazosulfuron ethyl and ethoxysulfuron ethyl at 30, 15, 30 and 30 g a.i. ha-1, respectively, as early post-emergence (15 DAS) were applied alone and supplemented with manual weeding (hoeing/pulling; 30 DAS). A weedy check and manual weeding twice (15 and 30 DAS) were included for comparison. Sole application of different herbicides significantly reduced weed density and dry biomass over weedy check; nevertheless, the magnitude of suppression was amplified when herbicides were supplemented with manual weeding. Higher weed suppression was associated with the use of bispyribac sodium when it was followed by manual weeding. Weed infestation had negative implications for rice yield and yield components and drastic reduction in number of productive tillers, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight was evident from data. Significant improvement in rice grain yield was recorded when herbicides were supplemented with manual weeding. Moreover, percentage of normal grains, grain length, grain protein and sugar contents, and water absorption ratio taken as measure of grain quality were all diminished by weed infestation. However, weed control treatments were effective in rectifying the damaging effects of weeds on grain quality. Rice yield and grain quality attributes were negatively associated with weed dry biomass. Early post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium supplemented with manual weeding was a promising weed control treatment that effectively suppressed weeds and helped to secure quantity and quality of produce.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone significantly reduced weed density and dry biomass relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- different herbicidese0
- Outcome
- weed density and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sole application of different herbicides significantly reduced weed density and dry biomass over weedy check”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding manual weeding amplified weed suppression.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicides were supplemented with manual weedinge0
- Outcome
- suppressione0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of suppression was amplified when herbicides were supplemented with manual weeding”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac sodium followed by manual weeding gave higher weed suppression.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodiume0
- Outcome
- weed suppressione0
- Direction
- Highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher weed suppression was associated with the use of bispyribac sodium when it was followed by manual weeding”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed infestation reduced productive tillers, grains per panicle, and grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weede0
- Outcome
- number of productive tillers, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed infestation had negative implications for rice yield and yield components and drastic reduction in number of productive tillers, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight was evident from data”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides supplemented with manual weeding significantly improved rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- herbicides were supplemented with manual weedinge0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant improvement in rice grain yield was recorded when herbicides were supplemented with manual weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed infestation diminished normal grain percentage, grain length, protein and sugar contents, and water absorption ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- weede0
- Outcome
- percentage of normal grains, grain length, grain protein and sugar contents, and water absorption ratioe0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percentage of normal grains, grain length, grain protein and sugar contents, and water absorption ratio taken as measure of grain quality were all diminished by weed infestation”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control treatments corrected weed damage to grain quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- weed control treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weedse0
- Outcome
- grain qualitye0
- Direction
- rectifyinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed control treatments were effective in rectifying the damaging effects of weeds on grain quality”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield and grain quality were negatively associated with weed dry biomass.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- weede0
- Outcome
- Rice yield and grain quality attributese0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice yield and grain quality attributes were negatively associated with weed dry biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Early bispyribac sodium with manual weeding was recommended for weed suppression and produce quantity and quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac sodium supplemented with manual weedinge0
- Outcome
- weed control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium supplemented with manual weeding was a promising weed control treatment that effectively suppressed weeds and helped to secure quantity and quality of produce”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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