Abstract
Fruit dehiscence is a crucial physiological disorder in fruit crops. Fruit cracking may frequently cause more than 50% of yield losses in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). In this study, we carried out a combined transcriptome sequencing and proteome analysis in Chinese jujube to reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in fruit cracking. A total of 31,272 transcripts and 5,480 proteins were identified. Of these, 5,425 genes were shared at both transcriptome and proteome levels. Compared to non-cracked fruits, 161 differentially expressed genes were revealed in cracked fruits, of which 39 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes. Proteome analysis revealed 182 differentially expressed proteins associated with fruit cracking, of which 68 upregulated and 114 downregulated. Validation of gene expression by realtime quantitative-polymerase chain reaction of 14 selected DEGs were found to regulate cell wall metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid oxidation, plant-pathogen interaction and hormone balance, endoglucanase, pectinesterase, peroxidases, and phytohormone signal transduction genes and calcium-binding protein. The expression levels of POD17, EG12, CML23, ARF, JAZ, AUX/IAA, and SAUR genes were consistent with the transcriptome analysis results. The gene expression levels of POD17 and POD51 were consistent with the proteomics data. However, the expression levels of genes CML23, PE17 and GH3.1 were contradictory with their proteome expression levels. Further analysis of the expression levels of the 14 genes from fruit skins of different samples at various stages of fruit cracking revealed that 11 genes were highly expressed in cracked fruits, suggesting these genes play important roles in fruit cracking. A putative calcium-binding protein CJML19 showed medium-low expression in cracked fruit skins, which may help regulate water entry/exit and may be associated with cracking resistance.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 31,272 transcripts and 5,480 proteins were identified.
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)
Ziziphus jujubae0 - Outcome
- transcriptse1
- Value
- 31,272e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“A total of 31,272 transcripts and 5,480 proteins were identified.”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 31,272 transcripts and 5,480 proteins were identified.
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- proteinse1
- Value
- 5,480e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“A total of 31,272 transcripts and 5,480 proteins were identified.”
Claim · model-written summary
5,425 genes were shared at both transcriptome and proteome levels
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- genes were shared at both transcriptome and proteome levelse1
- Value
- 5,425e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“5,425 genes were shared at both transcriptome and proteome levels”
Claim · model-written summary
161 differentially expressed genes were revealed in cracked fruits, of which 39 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Organ / stage
- cracked fruitse1
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese1
- Value
- 161e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“161 differentially expressed genes were revealed in cracked fruits, of which 39 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
39 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- genese1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
- Value
- 39e1
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“39 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
39 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- genese1
- Direction
- downregulatede1
- Value
- 122e1
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“39 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
182 differentially expressed proteins associated with fruit cracking, of which 68 upregulated and 114 downregulated
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed proteinse1
- Value
- 182e1
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“182 differentially expressed proteins associated with fruit cracking, of which 68 upregulated and 114 downregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
68 upregulated and 114 downregulated
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- upregulated and 114 downregulatede1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
- Value
- 68e1
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“68 upregulated and 114 downregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
68 upregulated and 114 downregulated
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- upregulated and 114 downregulatede1
- Direction
- downregulatede1
- Value
- 114e1
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“68 upregulated and 114 downregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
The expression levels of POD17, EG12, CML23, ARF, JAZ, AUX/IAA, and SAUR genes were consistent with the transcriptome analysis results.
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- consistent with the transcriptome analysis resultse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“The expression levels of POD17, EG12, CML23, ARF, JAZ, AUX/IAA, and SAUR genes were consistent with the transcriptome analysis results.”
Claim · model-written summary
The gene expression levels of POD17 and POD51 were consistent with the proteomics data.
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- consistent with the proteomics datae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“The gene expression levels of POD17 and POD51 were consistent with the proteomics data.”
Claim · model-written summary
the expression levels of genes CML23, PE17 and GH3.1 were contradictory with their proteome expression levels
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- contradictory with their proteome expression levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“the expression levels of genes CML23, PE17 and GH3.1 were contradictory with their proteome expression levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven genes were highly expressed in cracked fruits.
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Outcome
- genes were highly expressed in cracked fruitse1
- Direction
- highly expressede1
- Value
- 11 genese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“11 genes were highly expressed in cracked fruits, suggesting these genes play important roles in fruit cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
CJML19 had medium-low expression in cracked fruit skin.
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Gene
- CJML19e1
- Outcome
- expression in cracked fruit skinse1
- Direction
- medium-lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“A putative calcium-binding protein CJML19 showed medium-low expression in cracked fruit skins, which may help regulate water entry/exit and may be associated with cracking resistance.”
Claim · model-written summary
CJML19 may regulate water entry and exit and relate to cracking resistance.
- Taxon
- Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)Ziziphus jujubae0
- Gene
- CJML19e1
- Outcome
- cracking resistancee1
- Qualifier
- may help regulate water entry/exite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)”
e1“A putative calcium-binding protein CJML19 showed medium-low expression in cracked fruit skins, which may help regulate water entry/exit and may be associated with cracking resistance.”