Allelopathic Allelopathic impact of sorghum on weed management, yield and quality of maize under different seed rates

Abstract

A field study was carried out to estimate the allelopathic potential of sorghum immature and mature plant extracts under various seed rates on weeds density and yield of maize cultivar Dadu Maize-I. The experiment contained of different weed control practices i.e., control (No weeding), various levels of sorghum immature and mature plant extracts, herbicides and hand weeding under various seed rates (20, 25, 30 & 35 kg per ha). The analysis of variance showed that various weed control practices demonstrated substantial decrease in weeds and caused increase in kernel yield over control. The application of sorghum immature extract @ 15 L per ha in combination with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per ha decreased effectively weed density (m-2) and dry biomass (g m-2) and resultantly produced superior growth and yield traits particularly kernel yield (t per ha) of maize. Sorghum mature plant extract @ 15 L per ha in integration with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per ha ranked 2nd in effectiveness of controlling weeds as well as increasing maize kernel yield (t per ha). As much as effect of seed rates is concerned, the least weed density (m-2) and greatest kernel yield (t per ha) were noticed in seed rate 35 kg per ha but optimal kernel yield (t per ha) was record in seed rate 30 kg per ha. Hence, the results suggested that combination of plant extracts and herbicide at reduced doses controlled weeds efficiently and optimum enhancement in kernel yield of maize was noticed at seed rate 30 kg per ha.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed control practices decreased weeds compared with no weeding.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: various weed control practicese0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: weedse0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Zea mays* · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“various weed control practices demonstrated substantial decrease in weeds and caused increase in kernel yield over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 469–591 · show in text ↑

e1
“control (No weeding)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 266–286 · show in text ↑

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed control practices increased maize kernel yield over control.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: various weed control practicese0
Outcome: kernel yielde0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“various weed control practices demonstrated substantial decrease in weeds and caused increase in kernel yield over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 469–591 · show in text ↑

e1
“maize cultivar Dadu Maize-I”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 170–197 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Immature sorghum extract plus herbicide decreased weed density and dry biomass.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: sorghum immature extract @ 15 L per ha in combination with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per hae0
Interactor: weede0weed
Outcome: weed density (m-2) and dry biomass (g m-2)e0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The application of sorghum immature extract @ 15 L per ha in combination with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per ha decreased effectively weed density (m-2) and dry biomass (g m-2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 593–782 · show in text ↑

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Immature sorghum extract plus herbicide produced superior maize growth and kernel yield.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: sorghum immature extract @ 15 L per ha in combination with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per hae0
Outcome: growth and yield traits particularly kernel yield (t per ha)e0
Direction: superiore0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The application of sorghum immature extract @ 15 L per ha in combination with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per ha decreased effectively weed density (m-2) and dry biomass (g m-2) and resultantly produced superior growth and yield traits particularly kernel yield (t per ha) of maize.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 593–887 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mature sorghum extract plus herbicide ranked second in weed control.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: Sorghum mature plant extract @ 15 L per ha in integration with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per hae0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: ranked 2nd in effectiveness of controlling weedse0
Direction: ranked 2nde0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum mature plant extract @ 15 L per ha in integration with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per ha ranked 2nd in effectiveness of controlling weeds as well as increasing maize kernel yield (t per ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 888–1099 · show in text ↑

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mature sorghum extract plus herbicide increased maize kernel yield.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: Sorghum mature plant extract @ 15 L per ha in integration with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per hae0
Outcome: maize kernel yield (t per ha)e0
Direction: increasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum mature plant extract @ 15 L per ha in integration with herbicide (Mesotrione Atrazine) @ 1.0 L per ha ranked 2nd in effectiveness of controlling weeds as well as increasing maize kernel yield (t per ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 888–1099 · show in text ↑

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At a 35 kg per ha seed rate, weed density was lowest.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: seed rate 35 kg per hae0
Interactor: weede0weed
Outcome: weed density (m-2)e0
Direction: leaste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“the least weed density (m-2) and greatest kernel yield (t per ha) were noticed in seed rate 35 kg per ha”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1146–1250 · show in text ↑

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At a 35 kg per ha seed rate, maize kernel yield was greatest.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: seed rate 35 kg per hae0
Outcome: kernel yield (t per ha)e0
Direction: greateste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“the least weed density (m-2) and greatest kernel yield (t per ha) were noticed in seed rate 35 kg per ha”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1146–1250 · show in text ↑

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 30 kg per ha seed rate gave optimal maize kernel yield.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: seed rate 30 kg per hae0
Outcome: kernel yield (t per ha)e0
Direction: optimale0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“optimal kernel yield (t per ha) was record in seed rate 30 kg per ha”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1255–1323 · show in text ↑

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend combined plant extracts and reduced herbicide doses for weed control and a 30 kg per ha seed rate for yield.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: combination of plant extracts and herbicide at reduced dosese0
Outcome: controlled weeds efficiently and optimum enhancement in kernel yield of maizee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“combination of plant extracts and herbicide at reduced doses controlled weeds efficiently and optimum enhancement in kernel yield of maize was noticed at seed rate 30 kg per ha”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1359–1535 · show in text ↑

mesotrione · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

29 papers: 21 positive, 8 negative or no effect

20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Transient mesotrione injury did not reduce corn yield.
Mesotrione Alone and in Mixtures with Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)¹ · 2003
Opposite direction
negative
Mesotrione caused 9 to 40% yield losses only in homozygous cypcyp hybrids.
Genetic Factors Influencing Adverse Effects of Mesotrione and Nicosulfuron on Sweet Corn Yield · 2010
Opposite direction
negative
Mesotrione alone produced the lowest field yield.
Efficacy and selectivity of alternative herbicides to glyphosate on maize · 2019
Opposite direction

25 papers more in this group

See all 29 papers →

atrazine · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

202 papers: 197 positive, 5 negative or no effect

196 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

negative
Reducing atrazine and metolachlor to one-fourth the rate in the absence of cover crop reduced weed control in three of four years compared with the standard treatment.
Reduced-Herbicide Weed Management Systems for No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays) in a Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop · 1993 · compared with the standard treatment
Opposite direction
negative
Early preplant atrazine and/or metolachlor gave reduced late season weed control in no till corn compared with preemergence or sequential application.
Early Preplant Atrazine and Metolachlor in Conservation Tillage Corn (Zea mays) · 1991 · compared with preemergence and early preplant/preemergence sequential treatments
Opposite direction
negative
Atrazine applied at 21 DAS failed to control the weeds satisfactorily.
Atrazine as Post-emergence Herbicide for Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.) · 1994
Opposite direction

198 papers more in this group

See all 202 papers →

atrazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

240 papers: 205 positive, 35 negative or no effect

204 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Corn grain yield fell 39% in year five where atrazine had been discontinued.
Weed Seed Decline in Irrigated Soil after Six Years of Continuous Corn(Zea mays)and Herbicides · 1984
Opposite direction
no effect
Sweet corn yields at Blackville and Tifton were similar between the half and full rates of atrazine plus S-metolachlor after wild radish or rye cover crops.
Use of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and Rye Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Sweet Corn · 2008
Opposite direction
negative
Reducing atrazine and metolachlor to one-fourth the rate in the absence of cover crop reduced corn yield in two of four years compared with the standard treatment.
Reduced-Herbicide Weed Management Systems for No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays) in a Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop · 1993 · compared with the standard treatment
Opposite direction

236 papers more in this group

See all 240 papers →

Sorghum · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 14 positive, 5 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Intercropping maize or sorghum with legumes reduced leaf area indices, fresh weight yield at anthesis and straw yield.
Effects of Intercropping Maize or Sorghum with Cowpeas, Pigeon Peas or Beans · 1973
Opposite direction
negative
The dwarf sorghum double-row system reduced maize yield by only 6%.
Maize–sorghum intercropping systems for purple nutsedge management · 2012
Opposite direction
no effect
Sorghum bordered plots yielded similarly to maize monoculture.
Cropping System Intensification as a Management Method Against Vectors of Viruses Causing Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Kenya · 2017 · compared with maize monoculture plots
No difference from an alternative

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

Sorghum · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Sorghum mulch controlled 26–37% of weeds.
Weed Control in Maize (Zea maysL.) Through Sorghum Allelopathy · 2004
Same direction
positive
Sorghum, brassica or sunflower extracts with 25% recommended atrazine suppressed total weed density and dry biomass in maize relative to the control.
Field evaluation of allelopathic plant extracts alongside herbicides on weed management indices and weed–crop regression analysis in maize · 2015 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Sorghum intercropping suppressed weed density compared with other treatments.
Utilization of allelopathy and planting geometry for weed management and dry matter production of maize. · 2010 · compared with other treatments
Same direction

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

mesotrione · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

27 papers: 27 positive, 0 negative or no effect

26 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
All weed species were controlled at least 80% by mesotrione plus acetochlor PRE followed by mesotrione POST.
Mesotrione, Acetochlor, and Atrazine for Weed Management in Corn (Zea mays)¹ · 2003
Same direction
positive
Postemergence mesotrione controlled broadleaf weeds by over 94.
Mesotrione a new herbicide for weed control in maize · 2006
Same direction
positive
The three-herbicide mixture was the most efficacious weed control herbicide treatment.
The influence of agronomical and chemical weed control on weeds of corn · 2023
Same direction

23 papers more in this group

See all 27 papers →

botanical · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

125 papers: 118 positive, 7 negative or no effect

117 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

no effect
Ground kernels and full-fat germ extracts gave similar rGUS purity and yield.
Processing of transgenic corn seed and its effect on the recovery of recombinant β-glucuronidase · 1998 · compared with ground kernels
Opposite direction
no effect
None of the essential oils had a significantly greater ability to inhibit FB1 production than the others.
Effect of essential oils of cinnamon, clove, lemon grass, oregano and palmarosa on growth of and fumonisin B₁ production by Fusarium verticillioides in maize · 2004 · compared with the others
Opposite direction
no effect
Plant extracts did not significantly affect maize growth, development or yield.
Effects of aqueous plant extracts and inorganic fertilizer on the germination, growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) · 2014
Opposite direction

121 papers more in this group

See all 125 papers →

density · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

33 papers: 26 positive, 7 negative or no effect

25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Row spacing had little effect on weed control.
Glufosinate Combinations and Row Spacing for Weed Control in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)¹ · 2001
Opposite direction
no effect
Plant population had no significant effect on weed biomass.
Effect of inter-row spacing and plant population on weed dynamics and maize(Zea mays L.) yield at Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme, Eastern Cape,South Africa · 2010
Opposite direction
no effect
Row spacing did not significantly alter weed parameters.
Influence of growing measures on weed interference and water status in maize · 2017
Opposite direction

29 papers more in this group

See all 33 papers →

8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 10

The same questions in other papers

mesotrione · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

atrazine · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

atrazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

Sorghum · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

Sorghum · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

mesotrione · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

botanical · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

density · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results