Abstract
The authors carried out studies at the experimental field station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2008–2020. The study aimed to determine the resistance of white clover in mixtures with various types of grasses with two- and three-cut clipping treatments. In the experiment with four to five-component mixtures, the proportion of white clover reached 36–53% in the botanical composition of swards with the content of perennial ryegrass in the fourth year of life. It did not exceed 22–23% in the mixtures with cock’s foot. With the application of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N180, the clover content in the second year of swards was only 1–27%. With the aging of the swards, the proportion of clover in the harvest decreased. In the ninth year of life, its amount in swards with the content of perennial ryegrass without nitrogen application decreased to 13–24%, and in agrophytocenoses with cock’s foot and with nitrogen application to 0–14%. The cock’s foot dominated in the four-component grass mixtures, but during the overwintering of 2015–2016, cock’s foot and perennial ryegrass almost entirely dropped out of agrophytocenoses. Tall fescue was a more resistant species. The yield of grass mixtures composed of grass varieties of Russian selection amounted to 4.16–5.52 t/ha of dry weight on average for eight years, and from varieties of Dutch selection, the yield equaled 4.07–5.24 t/ha. There were no significant differences in yield between grass-legume mixtures based on perennial ryegrass and cock’s foot. With the introduction of nitrogen in a dose of N180 on grass/legume herbage, the yield increased by only 31%, and the return on fertilizers by yield increases was low, making up 4.6–8.9 kg of dry matter per 1 kg of nitrogen. The aftereffect of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of grass-legume mixtures without the additional introduction of phosphorus and potassium was insufficiently effective. In long-term three-component swards, used from the 14th to the 24th years of life, white clover was more stable in the composition of agrophytocenoses after three-fold mowing than with two-mowing. In years with favorable atmospheric moisture conditions, the proportion of white clover in two and three mows reached 20.1–34.7 and 2.2–24.3%, respectively, and with a moisture deficit, it decreased to 0–9%. For 26 years of growing grasses, there was a significant increase in soil acidity – pHKCl decreased from 6.3 to 4.91–5.36, which negatively affected the resistance of clover as the herbage was aging.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
White clover reached 36–53% of perennial ryegrass swards in year four.
Verbatim
e0“the proportion of white clover reached 36–53% in the botanical composition of swards with the content of perennial ryegrass in the fourth year of life.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover did not exceed 22–23% in mixtures with cock’s foot.
Verbatim
e0“It did not exceed 22–23% in the mixtures with cock’s foot.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer at N180 left clover content at 1–27% in year two.
- Taxon
- TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N180e0
- Outcome
- clover contente0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 1–27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“With the application of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N180, the clover content in the second year of swards was only 1–27%.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover proportion declined as swards aged.
Verbatim
e0“With the aging of the swards, the proportion of clover in the harvest decreased.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
By year nine, clover in ryegrass swards without nitrogen fell to 13–24%.
Verbatim
e0“In the ninth year of life, its amount in swards with the content of perennial ryegrass without nitrogen application decreased to 13–24%”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
By year nine, clover in cock’s foot swards with nitrogen fell to 0–14%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“in agrophytocenoses with cock’s foot and with nitrogen application to 0–14%.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cock’s foot dominated four-component grass mixtures.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The cock’s foot dominated in the four-component grass mixtures”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cock’s foot and perennial ryegrass almost entirely disappeared during 2015–2016 overwintering.
Verbatim
e0“during the overwintering of 2015–2016, cock’s foot and perennial ryegrass almost entirely dropped out of agrophytocenoses.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tall fescue was more resistant.
Verbatim
e0“Tall fescue was a more resistant species.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Russian grass varieties yielded 4.16–5.52 t/ha dry weight on average over eight years.
- Taxon
- TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.t0
- Material
- grass varieties of Russian selectione0
- Outcome
- yield of grass mixturese0
- Value
- 4.16–5.52 t/ha of dry weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The yield of grass mixtures composed of grass varieties of Russian selection amounted to 4.16–5.52 t/ha of dry weight on average for eight years”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dutch grass varieties yielded 4.07–5.24 t/ha on average.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“from varieties of Dutch selection, the yield equaled 4.07–5.24 t/ha.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield did not differ significantly between ryegrass and cock’s foot grass-legume mixtures.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in yield between grass-legume mixtures based on perennial ryegrass and cock’s foot.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
N180 nitrogen increased grass-legume herbage yield by 31%.
- Taxon
- TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen in a dose of N180e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“With the introduction of nitrogen in a dose of N180 on grass/legume herbage, the yield increased by only 31%”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer return on the yield increase was 4.6–8.9 kg dry matter per kg nitrogen and described as low.
Verbatim
e0“the return on fertilizers by yield increases was low, making up 4.6–8.9 kg of dry matter per 1 kg of nitrogen.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual nitrogen fertilizer effect on grass-legume yield without added phosphorus and potassium was insufficiently effective.
Verbatim
e0“The aftereffect of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of grass-legume mixtures without the additional introduction of phosphorus and potassium was insufficiently effective.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover was more stable after three-fold mowing than two-mowing in long-term three-component swards.
Verbatim
e0“white clover was more stable in the composition of agrophytocenoses after three-fold mowing than with two-mowing.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
With favorable moisture, white clover proportion under two mows reached 20.1–34.7%.
Verbatim
e0“In years with favorable atmospheric moisture conditions, the proportion of white clover in two and three mows reached 20.1–34.7 and 2.2–24.3%, respectively”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
With favorable moisture, white clover proportion under three mows reached 2.2–24.3%.
Verbatim
e0“In years with favorable atmospheric moisture conditions, the proportion of white clover in two and three mows reached 20.1–34.7 and 2.2–24.3%, respectively”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
With moisture deficit, clover proportion decreased to 0–9%.
Verbatim
e0“with a moisture deficit, it decreased to 0–9%.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Over 26 years, soil pHKCl fell from 6.3 to 4.91–5.36 and this negatively affected clover resistance.
Verbatim
e0“For 26 years of growing grasses, there was a significant increase in soil acidity – pHKCl decreased from 6.3 to 4.91–5.36, which negatively affected the resistance of clover as the herbage was aging.”
t0“TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.”
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