Abstract
Stalk lodging in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize is a serious problem that reduces maize yields and precludes the use of mechanical grain harvesting equipment. In order to determine the effect of nitrogen management on the lodging resistance of maize stalk, three nitrogen application rates of 150, 250, and 350 kg ha−1 (denoted as N150, N250, and N350), and different nitrogen application periods (sowing, 6-leaf, 12-leaf, silking) were set. Plant morphology, stalk mechanical strength, total carbohydrate, nitrogen content, and yield were measured in the different treatments. The results showed that as the nitrogen application rate increased and nitrogen application was postponed, the stalk breaking force, plant height, ear height, center of gravity height, stalk basal internode diameter, rind penetration strength, content of carbohydrate, and total N of maize stalk also increased. The stalk lodging resistance was improved by the increased nitrogen application rate and postponed nitrogen application by increasing the stalk material accumulation and mechanical strength. The nitrogen application rates had no significant effect on grain yield. Under N250 and N350, the treatments with no base fertilizer significantly decreased the kernel number per ear, reflected in some in grain yield. In summary, under the conditions of integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fractional nitrogen fertilizer applications, increased nitrogen fertilizer input can stimulate the growth of high-quality maize populations, significantly improve stalk lodging resistance in the early growth stage, delay stalk senescence, improve stalk strength and influence stalk composition in later growth stages. Based on the summer maize grain yield and stalk lodging resistance, under N250 treatment, a base fertilizer combined with topdressing at the 12-leaf and silking stages was beneficial to the growth of summer maize.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Higher or later nitrogen application increased stalk mechanical and morphological traits.
- Treatment
- nitrogen application rate increased and nitrogen application was postponede0
- Outcome
- stalk breaking force, plant height, ear height, center of gravity height, stalk basal internode diameter, rind penetration strengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the nitrogen application rate increased and nitrogen application was postponed, the stalk breaking force, plant height, ear height, center of gravity height, stalk basal internode diameter, rind penetration strength, content of carbohydrate, and total N of maize stalk also increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher or later nitrogen application increased maize stalk carbohydrate and nitrogen content.
- Treatment
- nitrogen application rate increased and nitrogen application was postponede0
- Outcome
- content of carbohydrate, and total N of maize stalke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the nitrogen application rate increased and nitrogen application was postponed, the stalk breaking force, plant height, ear height, center of gravity height, stalk basal internode diameter, rind penetration strength, content of carbohydrate, and total N of maize stalk also increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher or later nitrogen application improved stalk lodging resistance.
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen application rate and postponed nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- stalk lodging resistancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- by increasing the stalk material accumulation and mechanical strengthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stalk lodging resistance was improved by the increased nitrogen application rate and postponed nitrogen application by increasing the stalk material accumulation and mechanical strength.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate had no significant grain yield effect.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen application rates had no significant effect on grain yield.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under N250 and N350, omitting base fertilizer reduced kernel number per ear.
- Treatment
- no base fertilizere0
- Outcome
- kernel number per eare0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Under N250 and N350e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under N250 and N350, the treatments with no base fertilizer significantly decreased the kernel number per ear, reflected in some in grain yield.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under N250 and N350, omitting base fertilizer affected grain yield in some treatments.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under N250 and N350, the treatments with no base fertilizer significantly decreased the kernel number per ear, reflected in some in grain yield.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend N250 with base fertilizer and topdressing at 12-leaf and silking stages.
- Treatment
- N250 treatmente0
- Outcome
- a base fertilizer combined with topdressing at the 12-leaf and silking stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under N250 treatment, a base fertilizer combined with topdressing at the 12-leaf and silking stages was beneficial to the growth of summer maize.”
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