Abstract
Based on maize stem anatomical structure in different deep loosening modes and nitrogen application rates,the lodging mechanism and control measures were discussed in microcosmic angle.The result showed that stem epidermis thickness,vascular bundle number and area,xylem and phloem area was strongly inversely associated with lodging.Through deep loosening and appropriate rate of nitrogen all can adjust vascular bundle structure and epidermis thickness.The influence of lodging rate,big vascular bundle was bigger than the small vascular bundle in the vascular bundle area,and phloem than xylem in vascular bundle internal structure.Stem epidermis thickness and lodging rate are significantly negative correlation.Deep loosening and nitrogen can improve transmission efficiency of vascular bundle.Nitrogen content of stem had significantly negative correlated to lodging rate of maize.But phosphorus content and potassium content of stem had no significantly negative correlated to lodging rate of maize.The flexural strength of stem had negative correlated to lodging rate of maize.Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatment,the vascular bundle internal structure was developed,the transmission efficiency was highest,the flexural strength was largest,and the rate of lodging was lowest.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Stalk epidermis thickness, vascular bundle number and area, and xylem and phloem area were inversely associated with lodging.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem epidermis thickness,vascular bundle number and area,xylem and phloem area was strongly inversely associated with lodging”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep loosening and appropriate nitrogen application altered vascular bundle structure and epidermis thickness.
- Treatment
- deep loosening and appropriate rate of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- vascular bundle structure and epidermis thicknesse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Through deep loosening and appropriate rate of nitrogen all can adjust vascular bundle structure and epidermis thickness”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Large vascular bundles had a larger influence on lodging than small vascular bundles.
- Organ / stage
- big vascular bundlee0
- Outcome
- lodging ratee0
- Direction
- biggere0
- Comparator
- small vascular bundlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of lodging rate,big vascular bundle was bigger than the small vascular bundle in the vascular bundle area”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem had a larger influence on lodging than xylem.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and phloem than xylem in vascular bundle internal structure”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stalk epidermis thickness was significantly negatively correlated with lodging rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem epidermis thickness and lodging rate are significantly negative correlation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep loosening and nitrogen improved vascular bundle transmission efficiency.
- Treatment
- Deep loosening and nitrogene0
- Outcome
- transmission efficiency of vascular bundlee0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep loosening and nitrogen can improve transmission efficiency of vascular bundle”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem nitrogen content was significantly negatively correlated with maize lodging rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen content of stem had significantly negative correlated to lodging rate of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem phosphorus content was not significantly negatively correlated with maize lodging rate.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But phosphorus content and potassium content of stem had no significantly negative correlated to lodging rate of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem potassium content was not significantly negatively correlated with maize lodging rate.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But phosphorus content and potassium content of stem had no significantly negative correlated to lodging rate of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem flexural strength was negatively correlated with maize lodging rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flexural strength of stem had negative correlated to lodging rate of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 225 kg/ha nitrogen with interleave row deep loosening, vascular bundle internal structure was developed.
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatmente0
- Outcome
- vascular bundle internal structure was developede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatment,the vascular bundle internal structure was developed”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
This combined treatment produced the highest transmission efficiency.
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatmente0
- Outcome
- transmission efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatment,the vascular bundle internal structure was developed,the transmission efficiency was highest”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
This combined treatment produced the largest flexural strength.
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatmente0
- Outcome
- flexural strengthe0
- Direction
- largeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatment,the vascular bundle internal structure was developed,the transmission efficiency was highest,the flexural strength was largest”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
This combined treatment produced the lowest lodging rate.
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatmente0
- Outcome
- rate of lodginge0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application rates in 225 kg/ha and combine with interleave row deep loosening treatment,the vascular bundle internal structure was developed,the transmission efficiency was highest,the flexural strength was largest,and the rate of lodging was lowest”
t0“maize”
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