Abstract
In recent years, there has been an annual deterioration in the phytosanitary condition of crops. One of the main factors of this phenomenon was the destabilization of the land use system and the disturbance or absence of crop rotations, which led to a high potential soil contamination by weeds and the accumulation of pests and diseases. The article presents the results of research to determine the impact of different tillages and protection systems on the species composition of weeds, diseases and pests in maize crops, which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation. Studies are conducted on the general background of fertilizer in the norms recommended for crop rotation in the region. The use of shelf tillage contributed to a faster passage of the phases of development of maize plants by 3-4 days, compared to non-shelf tillage. It is established that tillage has a significant impact on the accumulation of pests, in particular, it is clearly traced by the number of weeds. The largest number of weeds was observed in the variants without herbicide spraying by surfacial soil cultivation and amounted to 545.6 pc./m2, which is 2 times higher than by the shelf tillage (277.1 pc./m2). That is, after moldboard tillage and spraying with herbicides, the number of weeds was 96,8% lower compared to the control. A slightly smaller difference in the influence of soil cultivation was monitored on the development and spread of diseases and pests. Against them, the main deterrent was still chemical protection. In the variants without insecticide, the population of maize hairy aphids was 85%. The use of Belt (0.15 l/ha) made it possible to reduce the plant pest population by 3.5 times. Technical efficiency of fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) against fusarium was at the level of 87.1-90.0%, gray rot – 78.3-80.1% and helminthosporiosis 79.4-81.4%, depending on the tillage. The 20-22 cm shelf- and 10-12 cm surfacial processing systems ensured corn yields of 6.90 and 6.28 t/ha of grain, respectively, compared to the 6-8 cm non-dump system (5.36 t/ha). However, the combination of treatment with an intensive protection system allowed to increase the yield to 11.83 and 10.63 t/ha.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Shelf tillage advanced maize developmental phases by 3-4 days compared with non-shelf tillage.
- Organ / stage
- phases of developmente1
- Treatment
- shelf tillagee1
- Outcome
- passage of the phases of developmente1
- Direction
- fastere1
- Value
- 3-4 dayse1
- Comparator
- non-shelf tillagee1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The use of shelf tillage contributed to a faster passage of the phases of development of maize plants by 3-4 days, compared to non-shelf tillage”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage has a significant impact on pest accumulation, most clearly traced through weed numbers.
- Treatment
- tillagee1
- Interactor
- pestse1pest
- Second interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- accumulation of pestse1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tillage has a significant impact on the accumulation of pests, in particular, it is clearly traced by the number of weeds”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface soil cultivation without herbicide spraying gave the largest weed numbers, 545.6 pc./m2, about twice the 277.1 pc./m2 under shelf tillage.
- Treatment
- surfacial soil cultivatione1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- number of weedse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 545.6 pc./m2e1
- Qualifier
- 277.1 pc./m2e1
- Comparator
- shelf tillagee1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The largest number of weeds was observed in the variants without herbicide spraying by surfacial soil cultivation and amounted to 545.6 pc./m2, which is 2 times higher than by the shelf tillage (277.1 pc./m2)”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard tillage combined with herbicide spraying reduced weed numbers by 96.8% relative to the control.
- Treatment
- moldboard tillage and spraying with herbicidese1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- number of weedse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 96,8%e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“after moldboard tillage and spraying with herbicides, the number of weeds was 96,8% lower compared to the control”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil cultivation produced only a slightly smaller difference in the development and spread of diseases and pests than in weed numbers.
- Treatment
- soil cultivatione1
- Interactor
- pestse1pest
- Outcome
- development and spread of diseases and pestse1
- Direction
- smaller differencee1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A slightly smaller difference in the influence of soil cultivation was monitored on the development and spread of diseases and pests”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Without insecticide, the maize hairy aphid population reached 85%.
- Treatment
- without insecticidee1
- Interactor
- maize hairy aphidse1pest
- Outcome
- population of maize hairy aphidse1
- Value
- 85%e1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the variants without insecticide, the population of maize hairy aphids was 85%”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Belt (0.15 l/ha) reduced the plant pest population 3.5-fold.
- Treatment
- Belt (0.15 l/ha)e1
- Interactor
- plant peste1pest
- Outcome
- plant pest populatione1
- Direction
- reducee1
- Value
- 3.5 timese1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The use of Belt (0.15 l/ha) made it possible to reduce the plant pest population by 3.5 times”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) gave 87.1-90.0% technical efficiency against fusarium, depending on tillage.
- Treatment
- fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha)e1
- Outcome
- Technical efficiencye1
- Value
- 87.1-90.0%e1
- Qualifier
- depending on the tillagee1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
FusariumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Technical efficiency of fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) against fusarium was at the level of 87.1-90.0%, gray rot – 78.3-80.1% and helminthosporiosis 79.4-81.4%, depending on the tillage”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) gave 78.3-80.1% technical efficiency against gray rot, depending on tillage.
- Treatment
- fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha)e1
- Interactor
- gray rote1pathogen
- Outcome
- Technical efficiencye1
- Value
- 78.3-80.1%e1
- Qualifier
- depending on the tillagee1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Technical efficiency of fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) against fusarium was at the level of 87.1-90.0%, gray rot – 78.3-80.1% and helminthosporiosis 79.4-81.4%, depending on the tillage”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) gave 79.4-81.4% technical efficiency against helminthosporiosis, depending on tillage.
- Treatment
- fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha)e1
- Interactor
- helminthosporiosise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Technical efficiencye1
- Value
- 79.4-81.4%e1
- Qualifier
- depending on the tillagee1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Technical efficiency of fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) against fusarium was at the level of 87.1-90.0%, gray rot – 78.3-80.1% and helminthosporiosis 79.4-81.4%, depending on the tillage”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Shelf processing (20-22 cm) gave maize grain yield of 6.90 t/ha, higher than the 6-8 cm non-dump system at 5.36 t/ha.
- Treatment
- 20-22 cm shelf-e1
- Outcome
- corn yieldse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 6.90e1
- Qualifier
- 5.36 t/hae1
- Comparator
- 6-8 cm non-dump systeme1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The 20-22 cm shelf- and 10-12 cm surfacial processing systems ensured corn yields of 6.90 and 6.28 t/ha of grain, respectively, compared to the 6-8 cm non-dump system (5.36 t/ha)”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Surfacial processing (10-12 cm) gave maize grain yield of 6.28 t/ha, higher than the 6-8 cm non-dump system at 5.36 t/ha.
- Treatment
- 10-12 cm surfacial processing systemse1
- Outcome
- corn yieldse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 6.28 t/hae1
- Qualifier
- 5.36 t/hae1
- Comparator
- 6-8 cm non-dump systeme1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The 20-22 cm shelf- and 10-12 cm surfacial processing systems ensured corn yields of 6.90 and 6.28 t/ha of grain, respectively, compared to the 6-8 cm non-dump system (5.36 t/ha)”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining treatment with an intensive protection system raised maize yield to 11.83 and 10.63 t/ha.
- Treatment
- combination of treatment with an intensive protection systeme1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 11.83 and 10.63 t/hae1
- Setting
- territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAASe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the combination of treatment with an intensive protection system allowed to increase the yield to 11.83 and 10.63 t/ha”
e2“which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation”
t0“maize crops for grain”
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