Abstract
Abstract Some farmers who use cover crops (CCs) have moved from CC preplant kill (PK) to delayed CC termination, called planting green (PG). We conducted a study to explore if soil conditions and crop production can be optimized by manipulating winter cereal rye ( Secale cereal L.) seeding rate and spring N topdress rate for these two termination times. Treatments were arranged in a split‐split plot, randomized complete block design with four replications for three years at two Pennsylvania locations. Main plots were seeding rate (34, 67, and 134 kg ha −1 , or 1x, 2x, and 4x, respectively), subplots were termination timing (PK and PG), and sub‐subplots were N rate (34 and 67 kg ha −1 , or low and high, respectively). Planting green nearly doubled rye biomass at both sites, and at Landisville the high N rate accumulated 17% more biomass than the low N rate, while there was no biomass N rate effect in PK. Soil in PG was 7–15% drier at planting, up to 7% wetter later, and up to 0.9–1.3 °C cooler compared with PK at both sites. Soybean ( Glycine max L.) yield was reduced by 3–4% when PG was paired with the high N rate across seeding rates at Rock Springs and with the 1x seeding rate at Landisville compared with other treatment combinations. Soybean population was not impacted by treatments. We conclude rye seeding and N topdress rates of 34 kg ha −1 in PG can maintain similar conditions and soybean yield equivalent to PK, thereby reducing seed and N costs.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Planting green nearly doubled rye biomass at both sites.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee0 - Treatment
- Planting greene0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- nearly doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting green nearly doubled rye biomass at both sites”
Claim · model-written summary
At Landisville high nitrogen raised rye biomass accumulation by 17% versus low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- high N ratee0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- low N ratee0
- Setting
- Landisvillee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Landisville the high N rate accumulated 17% more biomass than the low N rate”
t0“rye”
Claim · model-written summary
In preplant kill, nitrogen rate did not affect biomass.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- no biomass N rate effecte0
- Qualifier
- PKe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no biomass N rate effect in PK”
t0“rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting green soil was 7–15% drier at planting than preplant kill soil.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- PGe0
- Outcome
- Soile0
- Direction
- driere0
- Value
- 7–15%e0
- Qualifier
- at plantinge0
- Comparator
- PKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil in PG was 7–15% drier at planting, up to 7% wetter later, and up to 0.9–1.3 °C cooler compared with PK at both sites”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting green soil was up to 7% wetter later than preplant kill soil.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PGe0
- Outcome
- Soile0
- Direction
- wettere0
- Value
- up to 7%e0
- Qualifier
- latere0
- Comparator
- PKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil in PG was 7–15% drier at planting, up to 7% wetter later, and up to 0.9–1.3 °C cooler compared with PK at both sites”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting green soil was up to 0.9–1.3 °C cooler than preplant kill soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil in PG was 7–15% drier at planting, up to 7% wetter later, and up to 0.9–1.3 °C cooler compared with PK at both sites”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At Rock Springs, planting green with high nitrogen reduced soybean yield 3–4% versus other combinations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- PG was paired with the high N ratee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3–4%e0
- Comparator
- other treatment combinationse0
- Setting
- Rock Springse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean ( Glycine max L.) yield was reduced by 3–4% when PG was paired with the high N rate across seeding rates at Rock Springs and with the 1x seeding rate at Landisville compared with other treatment combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
At Landisville, planting green with 1x rye seeding reduced soybean yield 3–4% versus other combinations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- PGe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3–4%e0
- Qualifier
- 1x seeding ratee0
- Comparator
- other treatment combinationse0
- Setting
- Landisvillee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean ( Glycine max L.) yield was reduced by 3–4% when PG was paired with the high N rate across seeding rates at Rock Springs and with the 1x seeding rate at Landisville compared with other treatment combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments did not affect soybean population.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- not impactede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean population was not impacted by treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 34 kg ha −1 rye seeding and nitrogen topdress in planting green to maintain soybean yield equivalent to preplant kill.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rye seeding and N topdress rates of 34 kg ha −1 in PGe0
- Outcome
- soybean yield equivalent to PKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conclude rye seeding and N topdress rates of 34 kg ha −1 in PG can maintain similar conditions and soybean yield equivalent to PK, thereby reducing seed and N costs”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Secale cereale (rye)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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See all 13 papers →nitrogen · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 318 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 416 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.