Abstract
Biocontrol agents are the potential microbes and used for the control of aerial and soil-borne pathogens present in all crops. An attempt was made on identification, morphological and molecular characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a pathogen causing disease in nuts and leaves of coconut. A virulent isolate Lasiodiplodia theobromae L26 was selected based on the growth parameters and pycnidiospore production. Three efficient biocontrol agents (BCAs) namely Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces rochei, were selected for in vitro studies. Among these, T. asperellum showed a significantly higher percentage of inhibition (81%) in dual culture assay against L26. The inhibition was also confirmed in light microscopic observation, the mycelium of L26 was distorted, lysis of cell wall during the interaction. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from BCAs inhibited the fungal growth of L26 by 59.61–47.03% in sealed plate method. Solid-phase microextraction GC-MS analysis revealed numerous new VOCs compounds emitted from the BCAs, whereas the dominant compound was identified as peptaibols, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-piperidinone. The strength of peaks of these compounds augmented during the interaction of BCAs with L26, the peak intensity for terpenoids was the predominant class, followed by phenols and heterocyclic organic compound. Crude metabolite (75 μL) of each antagonist tested through agar well method against L26 and showed a complete inhibition. This study demonstrated the ability of BCAs to produce volatile and nonvolatile antifungal compounds, showing that there could a major mechanism involved in and that will be responsible for the successful inhibition of L26 under in vitro. In future combination of these three strains as commercial formulation may be a better management practices for leaf blight and malformation of nuts in coconut.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma asperellum had the highest inhibition (81%) of the coconut pathogen isolate L26 in dual culture.
- Taxon
- Coconutt0
- Interactor
- L26e1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. asperellum
Trichoderma asperellume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- percentage of inhibitione1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 81%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“a Pathogen of Coconut”
e1“Among these, T. asperellum showed a significantly higher percentage of inhibition (81%) in dual culture assay against L26”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile organic compounds emitted from the antagonists inhibited fungal growth of L26 by 59.61–47.03%.
- Taxon
- Coconutt0
- Treatment
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from BCAse2
- Interactor
- L26e2pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal growth of L26e2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Value
- 59.61–47.03%e2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“a Pathogen of Coconut”
e2“Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from BCAs inhibited the fungal growth of L26 by 59.61–47.03% in sealed plate method”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude metabolite (75 μL) of each antagonist showed a complete inhibition of L26 by agar well assay.
- Taxon
- Coconutt0
- Treatment
- Crude metabolite (75 μL) of each antagoniste3
- Interactor
- L26e3pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione3
- Direction
- complete inhibitione3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“a Pathogen of Coconut”
e3“Crude metabolite (75 μL) of each antagonist tested through agar well method against L26 and showed a complete inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
The dominant volatile compound emitted by the antagonists was peptaibols, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 2-piperidinone.
Verbatim
t0“a Pathogen of Coconut”
e4“the dominant compound was identified as peptaibols, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-piperidinone”
Claim · model-written summary
Solid-phase microextraction GC-MS revealed numerous new volatile compounds emitted from the antagonists.
Verbatim
t0“a Pathogen of Coconut”
e5“Solid-phase microextraction GC-MS analysis revealed numerous new VOCs compounds emitted from the BCAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Terpenoids were the predominant peak-intensity class, followed by phenols and heterocyclic organic compounds.
Verbatim
t0“a Pathogen of Coconut”
e6“the peak intensity for terpenoids was the predominant class, followed by phenols and heterocyclic organic compound”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonists produce volatile and nonvolatile antifungal compounds.
Verbatim
t0“a Pathogen of Coconut”
e7“This study demonstrated the ability of BCAs to produce volatile and nonvolatile antifungal compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
A combined three-strain commercial formulation may be a better management practice for leaf blight and nut malformation in coconut.
Verbatim
e0“In future combination of these three strains as commercial formulation may be a better management practices for leaf blight and malformation of nuts in coconut”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · disease · Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.