Abstract
The root system connects the plant with the soil, which is a key factor in determining the utilization of soil resources and plant growth potential. Solar radiation can change maize shoot and root growth and affect grain formation. In this study, the effects of different solar radiation conditions on root morphology of three maize cultivars XY335, ZD958 and DH618 and their quantitative relationships were studied by conducting shading experiments. This study was conducted in maize high yield region of Qitai and Yinchuan, China, in 2018 and 2019. The planting densities were 7.5 × 104 (D1) and 12 × 104 (D2) plants ha−1. The shading levels were natural light (CK), shading 15% (S1), 30% (S2) and 50% (S3). The results showed that maize responded to the decreased solar radiation through the increase in ratio of shoot dry weight (SWR) to whole plant dry weight and the decrease in ratio of root dry weight (RWR) to whole plant dry weight. As the solar radiation decreased, the root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), average root diameter (ARD) and root length ratio (RLR) decreased, while the specific root length (SRL) increased. With 100 MJ m−2 decrease in solar radiation, the RWR, RLD, RSA and RLR each decreased by 1.47%, 0.5 mm cm−3,0.4 m m−2 and 0. 19 m g−1, respectively. Among the cultivars, the changes of DH618 were the fastest followed by XY335 and ZD958 but DH618 maintained the largest root system under any solar radiation condition. After the decrease of solar radiation, RWR, RLD and RLR were significantly positively correlated with the yield. This indicated that large root systems were conducive to the rapid response to decreased solar radiation and important for achieving stable and high yield. Maize cultivars with these type of root systems should be recommended to better adapt low solar radiation induced by regional variation or climate change.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Lower radiation increased shoot dry weight ratio and decreased root dry weight ratio.
- Treatment
- decreased solar radiatione0
- Outcome
- ratio of shoot dry weight (SWR) to whole plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize responded to the decreased solar radiation through the increase in ratio of shoot dry weight (SWR) to whole plant dry weight and the decrease in ratio of root dry weight (RWR) to whole plant dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower radiation decreased root dry weight ratio.
- Treatment
- decreasee0
- Outcome
- ratio of root dry weight (RWR) to whole plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in ratio of root dry weight (RWR) to whole plant dry weight”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
As radiation fell, RLD, RSA, ARD and RLR fell.
- Treatment
- solar radiatione0
- Outcome
- root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), average root diameter (ARD) and root length ratio (RLR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the solar radiation decreased, the root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), average root diameter (ARD) and root length ratio (RLR) decreased”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific root length increased with lower radiation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the solar radiation decreased, the root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), average root diameter (ARD) and root length ratio (RLR) decreased, while the specific root length (SRL) increased”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
A 100 MJ m−2 radiation decrease reduced RWR by 1.47%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 100 MJ m−2 decrease in solar radiation, the RWR, RLD, RSA and RLR each decreased by 1.47%, 0.5 mm cm−3,0.4 m m−2 and 0. 19 m g−1, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
A 100 MJ m−2 radiation decrease reduced RLD by 0.5 mm cm−3.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 100 MJ m−2 decrease in solar radiation, the RWR, RLD, RSA and RLR each decreased by 1.47%, 0.5 mm cm−3,0.4 m m−2 and 0. 19 m g−1, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
A 100 MJ m−2 radiation decrease reduced RSA by 0.4 m m−2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 100 MJ m−2 decrease in solar radiation, the RWR, RLD, RSA and RLR each decreased by 1.47%, 0.5 mm cm−3,0.4 m m−2 and 0. 19 m g−1, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
A 100 MJ m−2 radiation decrease reduced RLR by 0. 19 m g−1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 100 MJ m−2 decrease in solar radiation, the RWR, RLD, RSA and RLR each decreased by 1.47%, 0.5 mm cm−3,0.4 m m−2 and 0. 19 m g−1, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
DH618 changed fastest and retained the largest root system.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the changes of DH618 were the fastest followed by XY335 and ZD958 but DH618 maintained the largest root system under any solar radiation condition”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RWR, RLD and RLR correlated positively with yield after reduced radiation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the decrease of solar radiation, RWR, RLD and RLR were significantly positively correlated with the yield”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars with large root systems are recommended for low radiation.
- Outcome
- cultivars with these type of root systems should be recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize cultivars with these type of root systems should be recommended to better adapt low solar radiation induced by regional variation or climate change”