Abstract
The high level of copper (Cu) accumulation in the soil, the risk of surface water contamination, and the potential public health problems due to Cu entering the food chain have raised concerns on the use of Cu compounds in agriculture, including olive growing. As a consequence, there is worldwide regulatory pressure on agricultural systems to limit the use of Cu compounds. Hence, a field trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of low copper containing chemicals to control olive leaf spot (OLS) disease caused by Venturia oleaginea. The trial was conducted in 2021 in an olive (cv. Nabali Baladi) grove in Palestine. Copper complexed with lignosulphonate and gluconate (Disper Cu Max®) and the self-defense inducer Disper Broton GS® were evaluated and compared to dodine and the traditionally and frequently used copper hydroxide. In addition, untreated trees were used as the control. Treatments were made in March, July, and August. In March 2021, leaves grown in 2020 were present and 100% infected. V. oleaginea infections caused defoliation in untreated and treated olive trees with varying degrees of intensity: the Control had the most defoliation, followed by copper hydroxide and Disper Cu Max®, whereas dodine and, in particular, Disper Broton GS® had the least. All treatments reduced symptomatic leaves but their efficacy varied significantly: copper hydroxide was the least effective, Disper Cu Max® was intermediate, dodine and, mainly, Disper Broton GS® were the most effective. Overall, the results are promising since Disper Cu Max® and Disper Broton GS® were able to significantly reduce OLS damage and the amount of copper used for treatments.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves grown in 2020 were all infected in March 2021.
- Taxon
- Olive
Olea europaeat0 - Organ / stage
- leaves grown in 2020e0
- Outcome
- infectede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In March 2021, leaves grown in 2020 were present and 100% infected.”
t0“Olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Venturia infections caused varying defoliation in untreated and treated olive trees.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Interactor
- V. oleaginea
Venturia oleagineae0pathogen - Outcome
- defoliatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. oleaginea infections caused defoliation in untreated and treated olive trees with varying degrees of intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated trees had the most defoliation.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- Controle0
- Outcome
- defoliatione0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Control had the most defoliation”
t0“Olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper hydroxide caused more defoliation than dodine and Disper Broton GS.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- copper hydroxidee0
- Outcome
- defoliatione0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Comparator
- dodinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. oleaginea infections caused defoliation in untreated and treated olive trees with varying degrees of intensity: the Control had the most defoliation, followed by copper hydroxide and Disper Cu Max®, whereas dodine and, in particular, Disper Broton GS® had the least”
Claim · model-written summary
Disper Cu Max had intermediate efficacy in reducing symptomatic leaves.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- Disper Cu Max®e0
- Outcome
- symptomatic leavese0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
- Comparator
- copper hydroxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments reduced symptomatic leaves but their efficacy varied significantly: copper hydroxide was the least effective, Disper Cu Max® was intermediate, dodine and, mainly, Disper Broton GS® were the most effective.”
t0“Olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Dodine was among the most effective treatments for symptomatic leaves.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- dodinee0
- Outcome
- symptomatic leavese0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- copper hydroxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments reduced symptomatic leaves but their efficacy varied significantly: copper hydroxide was the least effective, Disper Cu Max® was intermediate, dodine and, mainly, Disper Broton GS® were the most effective.”
t0“Olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Disper Broton GS was the most effective treatment for symptomatic leaves.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- Disper Broton GS®e0
- Outcome
- symptomatic leavese0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- copper hydroxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments reduced symptomatic leaves but their efficacy varied significantly: copper hydroxide was the least effective, Disper Cu Max® was intermediate, dodine and, mainly, Disper Broton GS® were the most effective.”
t0“Olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Disper Cu Max significantly reduced olive leaf spot damage and treatment copper use.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- Disper Cu Max®e0
- Outcome
- OLS damage and the amount of copper used for treatmentse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disper Cu Max® and Disper Broton GS® were able to significantly reduce OLS damage and the amount of copper used for treatments.”
t0“Olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Disper Broton GS significantly reduced olive leaf spot damage and treatment copper use.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- Disper Broton GS®e0
- Outcome
- OLS damage and the amount of copper used for treatmentse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disper Cu Max® and Disper Broton GS® were able to significantly reduce OLS damage and the amount of copper used for treatments.”
t0“Olive”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · disease · Olea europaea (common olive)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.