Abstract
Multispecies cropping systems contribute to sustainable agriculture with multiple ecosystem services. Effects of intercropping of various crops with faba beans on growth and yield parameters and disease severity of root rot, damping off and broomrape were investigated. This study was implemented in the laboratory, greenhouse and field to investigate the effect of the intercropping systems (fenugreek + faba bean, lupine + faba bean, garlic + faba bean and sole faba bean). The intercropping systems were combined with the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and yeast as bio-control agents, compared to chemical application of herbicides (Glyphosate) and fungicides (Rizolex-T50), to control rot root diseases and broomrape weeds, Orobanche spp., of faba bean plants in vivo and under the naturally infested field. In vitro, yeast and Rizolex-T50 significantly inhibited mycelial growth of root pathogenic fungi. Intercropping with garlic and/or application of Rizolex-T, significantly decreased the incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseases, meanwhile increased percentage of survival plants. In vivo, intercropping with fenugreek and/or application of Glyphosate, significantly reduced the number/weight of spikes/plot of broomrapes. Intercropping with fenugreek combined with AMF application promoted crop growth and significantly increased yield components. The AMF enhanced seed yield/ha when applied to the intercropping of faba bean + fenugreek and faba bean + garlic, showing the highest seed yield/ha with 3.722 and 3.568 ton/ha, respectively. Intercropping of faba bean with garlic integrated with AMF revealed the highest values of LER, 2.45, and net return, 2341 US$/ha. Our results suggested that using faba bean–garlic intercrop along with AMF inoculation can reduce root rot disease, damping off and broomrapes, as well as enhance the profitability of Egyptian farmer and sustainable production.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast inhibited growth of root pathogenic fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- yeaste0
- Interactor
- root pathogenic fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of root pathogenic fungie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro, yeast and Rizolex-T50 significantly inhibited mycelial growth of root pathogenic fungi.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rizolex-T50 inhibited growth of root pathogenic fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Rizolex-T50e0
- Interactor
- root pathogenic fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of root pathogenic fungie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro, yeast and Rizolex-T50 significantly inhibited mycelial growth of root pathogenic fungi.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic intercropping decreased root rot and damping-off incidence and disease index.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Intercropping with garlice0
- Outcome
- incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseasese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with garlic and/or application of Rizolex-T, significantly decreased the incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseases, meanwhile increased percentage of survival plants.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rizolex-T application decreased root rot and damping-off incidence and disease index.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- application of Rizolex-Te0
- Outcome
- incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseasese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with garlic and/or application of Rizolex-T, significantly decreased the incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseases, meanwhile increased percentage of survival plants.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic intercropping increased surviving plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Intercropping with garlice0
- Outcome
- percentage of survival plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with garlic and/or application of Rizolex-T, significantly decreased the incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseases, meanwhile increased percentage of survival plants.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rizolex-T application increased surviving plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- application of Rizolex-Te0
- Outcome
- percentage of survival plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with garlic and/or application of Rizolex-T, significantly decreased the incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseases, meanwhile increased percentage of survival plants.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek intercropping reduced broomrape spike number and weight.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- intercropping with fenugreeke0
- Interactor
- broomrapese0weed
- Outcome
- number/weight of spikes/plot of broomrapese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, intercropping with fenugreek and/or application of Glyphosate, significantly reduced the number/weight of spikes/plot of broomrapes.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced broomrape spike number and weight.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- application of Glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- broomrapese0weed
- Outcome
- number/weight of spikes/plot of broomrapese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, intercropping with fenugreek and/or application of Glyphosate, significantly reduced the number/weight of spikes/plot of broomrapes.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek intercropping with AMF promoted crop growth.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Intercropping with fenugreek combined with AMF applicatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- crop growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with fenugreek combined with AMF application promoted crop growth and significantly increased yield components.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek intercropping with AMF increased yield components.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Intercropping with fenugreek combined with AMF applicatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with fenugreek combined with AMF application promoted crop growth and significantly increased yield components.”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF raised seed yield in the faba bean and fenugreek intercrop to 3.722 ton/ha.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yield/hae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.722e0
- Qualifier
- faba bean + fenugreeke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMF enhanced seed yield/ha when applied to the intercropping of faba bean + fenugreek and faba bean + garlic, showing the highest seed yield/ha with 3.722 and 3.568 ton/ha, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF raised seed yield in the faba bean and garlic intercrop to 3.568 ton/ha.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yield/hae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.568 ton/hae0
- Qualifier
- faba bean + garlice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMF enhanced seed yield/ha when applied to the intercropping of faba bean + fenugreek and faba bean + garlic, showing the highest seed yield/ha with 3.722 and 3.568 ton/ha, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic intercropping with AMF had the highest LER, 2.45.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Intercropping of faba bean with garlic integrated with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- LERe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping of faba bean with garlic integrated with AMF revealed the highest values of LER, 2.45, and net return, 2341 US$/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic intercropping with AMF had the highest net return, 2341 US$/ha.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Intercropping of faba bean with garlic integrated with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2341 US$/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping of faba bean with garlic integrated with AMF revealed the highest values of LER, 2.45, and net return, 2341 US$/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend faba bean and garlic intercropping with AMF for disease and broomrape control and profitability.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- using faba bean–garlic intercrop along with AMF inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggested that using faba bean–garlic intercrop along with AMF inoculation can reduce root rot disease, damping off and broomrapes, as well as enhance the profitability of Egyptian farmer and sustainable production.”
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