Abstract
Compared with the use of monocultures in the field, cultivation of medicinal herbs in forests is an effective strategy to alleviate disease. Chemical interactions between herbs and trees play an important role in disease suppression in forests. We evaluated the ability of leachates from needles of Pinus armandii to induce resistance in Panax notoginseng leaves, identified the components via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and then deciphered the mechanism of 2,3-Butanediol as the main component in the leachates responsible for resistance induction via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Prespraying leachates and 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves could induce the resistance of P. notoginseng to Alternaria panax. The RNA-seq results showed that prespraying 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves with or without A. panax infection upregulated the expression of large number of genes, many of which are involved in transcription factor activity and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Specifically, 2,3-Butanediol spraying resulted in jasmonic acid (JA) -mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) by activating MYC2 and ERF1. Moreover, 2,3-Butanediol induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by upregulating pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)- and effector-triggered immunity (ETI)-related genes and activated camalexin biosynthesis through activation of WRKY33. Overall, 2,3-Butanediol from the leachates of pine needles could activate the resistance of P. notoginseng to leaf disease infection through ISR, SAR and camalexin biosynthesis. Thus, 2,3-Butanediol is worth developing as a chemical inducer for agricultural production.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Presprayed pine-needle leachates induced resistance to Alternaria panax.
- Taxon
- P. notoginseng
Panax notoginsenge0 - Treatment
- leachatese0
- Interactor
- Alternaria panaxAlternaria panaxe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance of P. notoginseng to Alternaria panaxe0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prespraying leachates and 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves could induce the resistance of P. notoginseng to Alternaria panax.”
Claim · model-written summary
Presprayed 2,3-Butanediol induced resistance to Alternaria panax.
- Taxon
- P. notoginsengPanax notoginsenge0
- Treatment
- 2,3-Butanediole0
- Interactor
- Alternaria panaxAlternaria panaxe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance of P. notoginseng to Alternaria panaxe0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prespraying leachates and 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves could induce the resistance of P. notoginseng to Alternaria panax.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,3-Butanediol upregulated many genes involved in transcription-factor activity and MAPK signaling, with or without infection.
- Taxon
- Panax notoginsengPanax notoginsenge1
- Treatment
- 2,3-Butanediole0
- Interactor
- A. panaxAlternaria panaxe0pathogen
- Outcome
- expression of large number of genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prespraying 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves with or without A. panax infection upregulated the expression of large number of genes, many of which are involved in transcription factor activity and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.”
e1“Panax notoginseng”
Claim · model-written summary
2,3-Butanediol activated MYC2 and ERF1 and induced jasmonic-acid-mediated systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- Panax notoginsengPanax notoginsenge1
- Treatment
- 2,3-Butanediol sprayinge0
- Gene
- MYC2 and ERF1e0
- Compound
- jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Outcome
- induced systemic resistance (ISR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,3-Butanediol spraying resulted in jasmonic acid (JA) -mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) by activating MYC2 and ERF1.”
e1“Panax notoginseng”
Claim · model-written summary
2,3-Butanediol induced systemic acquired resistance through upregulation of PTI- and ETI-related genes.
- Taxon
- Panax notoginsengPanax notoginsenge1
- Treatment
- 2,3-Butanediole0
- Gene
- pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)- and effector-triggered immunity (ETI)-related genese0
- Outcome
- systemic acquired resistance (SAR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,3-Butanediol induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by upregulating pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)- and effector-triggered immunity (ETI)-related genes”
e1“Panax notoginseng”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend developing 2,3-Butanediol as a chemical inducer for agricultural production.
- Taxon
- Panax notoginsengPanax notoginsenge1
- Outcome
- developing as a chemical inducer for agricultural productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,3-Butanediol is worth developing as a chemical inducer for agricultural production.”
e1“Panax notoginseng”