Abstract
The soil-borne species Aneurinibacillus migulanus (A. migulanus) strains Nagano and NCTC 7096 were shown to be potent biocontrol agents active against several plant diseases in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Both strains produce the cyclic peptide gramicidin S (GS) that was described as the main weapon inhibiting some gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungus-like organisms along with the production of biosurfactant and hemolysis activities. However, the contribution of the cyclic peptide gramicidin S (GS) to the biocontrol ability of A. migulanus has never been studied experimentally. In this paper, using a mutant of the A. migulanus Nagano strain (E1 mutant) impaired in GS biosynthesis we evaluated the contribution of GS in the biocontrol potential of A. migulanus against Phytophthora spp. The two strains of A. migulanus, Nagano and NCTC 7096, were tested in a pilot study for the inhibition of the growth of 13 Phytophthora species in dual culture assays. A. migulanus Nagano was significantly more inhibitory than NCTC 7096 to all species. Additionally, using apple infection assays, P. rosacearum MKDF-148 and P. cryptogea E2 were shown to be the most aggressive on apple fruits displaying clear infection halos. Therefore, the three A. migulanus strains, Nagano, NCTC 7096, and E1, were used in apple infection experiments to check their effect on infection ability of these two Phytophthora species. Treatment with A. migulanus Nagano significantly reduced the severity of symptoms in apple fruits compared with NCTC 7096. A. migulanus E1 mutant showed total loss of biocontrol ability suggesting that GS is a major actor in the biocontrol ability of A. migulanus Nagano strain.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
In dual culture assays, A. migulanus Nagano was significantly more inhibitory than NCTC 7096 to the growth of all 13 Phytophthora species.
- Treatment
- A. migulanus Naganoe1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora species
Phytophthorae0pathogen - Second interactor
- A. migulanus NaganoAneurinibacillus migulanuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of the growth of 13 Phytophthora speciese0
- Direction
- more inhibitorye1
- Comparator
- NCTC 7096e1
- Setting
- dual culture assayse0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for the inhibition of the growth of 13 Phytophthora species in dual culture assays”
e1“A. migulanus Nagano was significantly more inhibitory than NCTC 7096 to all species”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rosacearum MKDF-148 and P. cryptogea E2 were the most aggressive Phytophthora isolates on apple fruits, showing clear infection halos.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Interactor
- P. rosacearum MKDF-148Phytophthora rosacearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. cryptogea E2
Phytophthora cryptogeae0pathogen - Outcome
- most aggressivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. rosacearum MKDF-148 and P. cryptogea E2 were shown to be the most aggressive on apple fruits displaying clear infection halos”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with A. migulanus Nagano significantly reduced symptom severity in apple fruits compared with NCTC 7096.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- A. migulanus Naganoe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora speciesPhytophthorae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. migulanus NaganoAneurinibacillus migulanuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severity of symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- NCTC 7096e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with A. migulanus Nagano significantly reduced the severity of symptoms in apple fruits compared with NCTC 7096”
e1“infection ability of these two Phytophthora species”
Claim · model-written summary
The A. migulanus E1 mutant showed total loss of biocontrol ability in apple infection experiments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- A. migulanus E1 mutante1
- Interactor
- A. migulanus E1 mutantAneurinibacillus migulanuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biocontrol abilitye1
- Direction
- total losse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were used in apple infection experiments”
e1“A. migulanus E1 mutant showed total loss of biocontrol ability”
Claim · model-written summary
Gramicidin S is suggested to be a major actor in the biocontrol ability of the A. migulanus Nagano strain.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- A. migulanus Nagano strainAneurinibacillus migulanuse1biocontrol_agent
- Compound
- GSe1
- Outcome
- biocontrol abilitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were used in apple infection experiments”
e1“suggesting that GS is a major actor in the biocontrol ability of A. migulanus Nagano strain”