Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the production components of soybean and the physiological quality of seeds according to the application of subdoses of herbicides at the reproductive stage of healthy plants. The treatments consisted of the application of glyphosate (122.5 g acid equivalent [ae] ha-1), chlorimuron (1.75 g active ingredient [ai] ha-1), 2,4-D (134 g ae ha-1), fomesafen (60 g ai ha-1), glufosinate (55 g ai ha-1), paraquat (35 g ai ha-1), and control (no application). The chlorophyll index, agronomic performance, and physiological quality of seeds were evaluated. Glyphosate, chlorimuron, fomesafen, or glufosinate resulted in an increase in soybean plant height. Chlorimuron increased yield compared to the control. Paraquat or glufosinate, despite the injury, did not reduce yield, but the application of these herbicides is not recommended to stimulate plant development, given the potential for injury. The 2,4-D was the only one that caused a reduction in the physiological quality of soybean seeds.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate increased soybean plant height.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- soybean plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Glyphosate, chlorimuron, fomesafen, or glufosinate resulted in an increase in soybean plant height.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorimuron increased soybean plant height.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- chlorimurone0
- Outcome
- soybean plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Glyphosate, chlorimuron, fomesafen, or glufosinate resulted in an increase in soybean plant height.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen increased soybean plant height.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fomesafene0
- Outcome
- soybean plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Glyphosate, chlorimuron, fomesafen, or glufosinate resulted in an increase in soybean plant height.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate increased soybean plant height.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- soybean plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Glyphosate, chlorimuron, fomesafen, or glufosinate resulted in an increase in soybean plant height.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorimuron increased soybean yield relative to the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Chlorimurone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Chlorimuron increased yield compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat caused plant injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Paraquate0
- Outcome
- injurye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Paraquat or glufosinate, despite the injury, did not reduce yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate caused plant injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Paraquat or glufosinate, despite the injury, did not reduce yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat did not reduce soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Paraquate0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Paraquat or glufosinate, despite the injury, did not reduce yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate did not reduce soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Paraquat or glufosinate, despite the injury, did not reduce yield”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D reduced the physiological quality of soybean seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- physiological quality of soybean seedse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“The 2,4-D was the only one that caused a reduction in the physiological quality of soybean seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors do not recommend paraquat or glufosinate to stimulate soybean development because of possible injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- not recommended to stimulate plant developmente0
- Qualifier
- potential for injurye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“the application of these herbicides is not recommended to stimulate plant development, given the potential for injury”
The same questions in other papers
fomesafen · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →paraquat · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →chlorimuron · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →glufosinate · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →chlorimuron · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →glyphosate · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →glufosinate · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →2,4-D · quality: general · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.