Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 near Arlington, WI, to compare the efficacy of glyphosate applied below registered rates in sequential and tank-mix combinations with residual herbicides to no-till, narrow-row, glyphosate-resistant soybean. In the sequential combinations of preplant (PP) residual herbicides and postemergence (POST) glyphosate study, glyphosate followed one of eight burndown treatments. Clomazone applied PP controlled 86% of common lambsquarters in 1996 when followed by 420 g ae/ha glyphosate early POST (EPOST). All other herbicide treatments controlled 94% or greater regardless of weed species, PP treatment, glyphosate timing, or glyphosate rate. The greatest soybean yields occurred in EPOST glyphosate applications in 1996 and late POST (LPOST) glyphosate applications in 1997. The only time PP residual herbicides were beneficial was prior to the LPOST glyphosate application in 1996. In the tank-mix POST combinations of glyphosate and residual herbicides study, glyphosate was applied alone or in combination with four residual herbicides. Soybean injury did not exceed 5% except in the glyphosate and imazethapyr combination in 1997. Control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail was 90% or greater when averaged across all residual combinations and glyphosate timings and rates. Imazethapyr alone controlled velvetleaf 99% and giant foxtail 92% in 1997. When glyphosate was applied alone, soybean yields were similar at all glyphosate rates and application timings, except the 630 g/ha glyphosate LPOST resulted in a lower yield than 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOST. Only one residual herbicide, SAN 582, combined with glyphosate produced yields equivalent to the highest yielding treatments when averaged over both glyphosate rates and timings. Cloransulam added to 420 g/ha glyphosate EPOST and chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron and imazethapyr added to 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOST resulted in lower soybean yields compared to the same rate of glyphosate applied alone at the respective timings. Thus, no herbicide combination preformed better than glyphosate applied in a timely manner alone. However, in situations where early-season weed competition is severe and a timely glyphosate application is not possible, a PP residual herbicide may be beneficial.Nomenclature: Chlorimuron; clomazone; cloransulam; glyphosate; imazethapyr; pendimethalin; SAN 582 (proposed name dimethenamid), 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamide; thifensulfuron; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFA; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus # ABUTH; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Additional index words: Combinations, sequential, tank-mixed.Abbreviations: EPOST, early postemergence; 7DPP, 7 d prior to planting; DAP, days after planting; fb, followed by; LPOST, late postemergence; POST, postemergence; PP, preplant.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The clomazone sequence controlled 86% of common lambsquarters in 1996.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Clomazone applied PPe0
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- common lambsquarterse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clomazone applied PP controlled 86% of common lambsquarters in 1996 when followed by 420 g ae/ha glyphosate early POST (EPOST)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Other herbicide treatments controlled at least 94% of weeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- weed speciese0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 94% or greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All other herbicide treatments controlled 94% or greater regardless of weed species, PP treatment, glyphosate timing, or glyphosate rate”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Greatest soybean yields occurred with EPOST glyphosate in 1996.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- EPOST glyphosate applicationse0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest soybean yields occurred in EPOST glyphosate applications in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Greatest soybean yields occurred with LPOST glyphosate in 1997.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- late POST (LPOST) glyphosate applicationse0
- Outcome
- glyphosate applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late POST (LPOST) glyphosate applications in 1997”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant residual herbicides benefited the late POST application only in 1996.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PP residual herbicidese0
- Outcome
- beneficiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The only time PP residual herbicides were beneficial was prior to the LPOST glyphosate application in 1996”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean injury remained at or below 5% except with glyphosate and imazethapyr in 1997.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Qualifier
- except in the glyphosate and imazethapyr combination in 1997e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean injury did not exceed 5% except in the glyphosate and imazethapyr combination in 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf and giant foxtail was at least 90%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and giant foxtaile0
- Value
- 90% or greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail was 90% or greater when averaged across all residual combinations and glyphosate timings and rates”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr alone controlled velvetleaf by 99% in 1997.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr alonee0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- velvetleafe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr alone controlled velvetleaf 99% and giant foxtail 92% in 1997”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr alone controlled giant foxtail by 92% in 1997.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr alonee0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtaile0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr alone controlled velvetleaf 99% and giant foxtail 92% in 1997”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields with glyphosate alone were similar across rates and timings except one comparison.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When glyphosate was applied alone, soybean yields were similar at all glyphosate rates and application timings”
Claim · model-written summary
The 630 g/ha LPOST glyphosate treatment yielded less than 420 g/ha LPOST.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 630 g/ha glyphosate LPOSTe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOSTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 630 g/ha glyphosate LPOST resulted in a lower yield than 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOST”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
SAN 582 with glyphosate gave yields equivalent to the highest-yielding treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SAN 582, combined with glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- highest yielding treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAN 582, combined with glyphosate produced yields equivalent to the highest yielding treatments”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cloransulam added to EPOST glyphosate lowered soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Cloransulam added to 420 g/ha glyphosate EPOSTe0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- same rate of glyphosate applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cloransulam added to 420 g/ha glyphosate EPOST and chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron and imazethapyr added to 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOST resulted in lower soybean yields compared to the same rate of glyphosate applied alone at the respective timings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron added to LPOST glyphosate lowered soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- chlorimuron plus thifensulfurone0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- same rate of glyphosate applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron and imazethapyr added to 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOST resulted in lower soybean yields compared to the same rate of glyphosate applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr added to LPOST glyphosate lowered soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- imazethapyr added to 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOSTe0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- same rate of glyphosate applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr added to 420 g/ha glyphosate LPOST resulted in lower soybean yields compared to the same rate of glyphosate applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
No herbicide combination performed better than timely glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- preformed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- glyphosate applied in a timely manner alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no herbicide combination preformed better than glyphosate applied in a timely manner alone”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
A preplant residual herbicide may help when early weed competition is severe and timely glyphosate is impossible.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- a PP residual herbicide may be beneficiale0
- Qualifier
- early-season weed competition is severee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in situations where early-season weed competition is severe and a timely glyphosate application is not possible, a PP residual herbicide may be beneficial”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
thifensulfuron · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
chlorimuron · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →Imazethapyr · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →glyphosate · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 55 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
119 papers more in this group
See all 123 papers →clomazone · Chenopodium album · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
cloransulam · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Imazethapyr · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Imazethapyr · Abutilon theophrasti · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.