Abstract
ABSTRACT: The introduction of dicamba and 2,4-D-resistant soybean will increase the use of auxin herbicides for management of herbicide-resistant weeds, increasing risk of drift in non-target crops. The field experiment was conducted in 2016/17 to evaluate injury, growth, yield, germination and seeds vigor of soybean effects to simulated drift of 2,4-D and dicamba applied to soybean at the V3 and R2 growth stages. To simulate drift, 2,4-D was applied at 0; 5.16; 10.4; 20.8 e 41.5g ae ha-1 and dicamba at: 0; 3.7; 7.4; 14.9 e 29.8g ae ha-1. The injury of the dicamba is greater than 2,4-D, and the V5 stage is more susceptible to both herbicides. The greatest reductions in soybean yield follow the drift of dicamba in R2 and 2,4-D in V5. The physiological quality seeds of the soybean is reduced by dicamba and 2,4-D drift at both the V5 and R2 stages of the soybean. Soybean is highly sensitive to low rates of 2,4-D and dicamba at the vegetative or reproductive growth stages. Dicamba causes greater negative effects than 2,4-D on soybean. The low rate of 2,4-D and dicamba reduce germination and vigor seed on soybean offspring.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba caused more soybean injury than 2,4-D.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The injury of the dicamba is greater than 2,4-D, and the V5 stage is more susceptible to both herbicides.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at V5 was more susceptible to dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- V5 stagee0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The injury of the dicamba is greater than 2,4-D, and the V5 stage is more susceptible to both herbicides.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at V5 was more susceptible to 2,4-D.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The injury of the dicamba is greater than 2,4-D, and the V5 stage is more susceptible to both herbicides.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
dicamba drift at R2 caused the greatest soybean yield reduction.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R2e0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- greatest reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reductions in soybean yield follow the drift of dicamba in R2 and 2,4-D in V5.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D drift at V5 caused the greatest soybean yield reduction.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- V5e0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- greatest reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reductions in soybean yield follow the drift of dicamba in R2 and 2,4-D in V5.”
Claim · model-written summary
dicamba drift reduced soybean seed physiological quality at V5 and R2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- V5 and R2 stagese0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- physiological quality seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The physiological quality seeds of the soybean is reduced by dicamba and 2,4-D drift at both the V5 and R2 stages of the soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D drift reduced soybean seed physiological quality at V5 and R2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- V5 and R2 stagese0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- physiological quality seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The physiological quality seeds of the soybean is reduced by dicamba and 2,4-D drift at both the V5 and R2 stages of the soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate 2,4-D drift reduced offspring germination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low rate of 2,4-D and dicamba reduce germination and vigor seed on soybean offspring.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate 2,4-D drift reduced offspring vigor seed.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low rate of 2,4-D and dicamba reduce germination and vigor seed on soybean offspring.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate dicamba drift reduced offspring germination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low rate of 2,4-D and dicamba reduce germination and vigor seed on soybean offspring.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate dicamba drift reduced offspring vigor seed.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low rate of 2,4-D and dicamba reduce germination and vigor seed on soybean offspring.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.