Abstract
Cover crop use in organic rice cropping systems efficiently manages the two most limiting factors in organic agriculture - weed competition and nutrient availability. Nonetheless, cover crop biomasses on soil surfaces under the anaerobic conditions in flooded rice systems produce organic acids (mainly acetic acid) that cause early phytotoxicity to rice seedling coleoptile and roots. This study evaluated the dose-response of acetic acid on germination rates and post-germination growth traits (coleoptile, first leaf, and roots). Under controlled conditions, the seeds of three rice varieties (Sant’Andrea, Salvo, and Selenio) were immersed in acetic acid concentrations (0, 9, 18, 36, 54, and 72 ppm) for eight days. Germination results suggest that acetic acid likely scarred var. Salvo, based on a 15% faster germination rate compared to untreated controls. Across all varieties, increased acetic acid concentrations never slowed germination. During post-germination growth stages, root phytotoxicity was always more evident than shoot phytotoxicity, although the responses varied among the varieties. Root length damage appeared first at acetic acid concentrations of 36 ppm in var. Sant’Andrea and Selenio, and at 54 ppm in var. Salvo. Root length measurements provided explicit and speedy information on varietal tolerance to acetic acid and, consequently to cover crop fermentation and suggested that direct observation of root damage in paddy fields is valuable for prompt water management decisions, such as flooding interruption. Further development of this method may lead to more complete varietal screening and identification of related genetic traits responsible for tolerance. Highlights- Based on genotype, increasing acetic acid levels in flooding waters can speed rice germination.- Roots are more sensitive than shoots to acetic acid phytotoxicity during very early germination.- Early root length impairments provide information on tolerance to acetic acid phytotoxicity.- A slower germination rate may induce higher tolerance to green mulching.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid sped Salvo germination by 15% relative to untreated controls.
Verbatim
e0“acetic acid likely scarred var. Salvo, based on a 15% faster germination rate compared to untreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing acetic acid never slowed germination across rice varieties.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- increased acetic acid concentrationse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- never slowede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice germination”
e0“Across all varieties, increased acetic acid concentrations never slowed germination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root phytotoxicity was more evident than shoot phytotoxicity after germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- root phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- more evidente0
- Qualifier
- responses varied among the varietiese0
- Comparator
- shoot phytotoxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice germination”
e0“During post-germination growth stages, root phytotoxicity was always more evident than shoot phytotoxicity, although the responses varied among the varieties.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sant’Andrea showed root length damage from 36 ppm acetic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Sant’Andreae0
- Treatment
- acetic acid concentrations of 36 ppme0
- Outcome
- Root length damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice germination”
e0“Root length damage appeared first at acetic acid concentrations of 36 ppm in var. Sant’Andrea and Selenio, and at 54 ppm in var. Salvo.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenio showed root length damage from 36 ppm acetic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Selenioe0
- Treatment
- acetic acid concentrations of 36 ppme0
- Outcome
- Root length damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice germination”
e0“Root length damage appeared first at acetic acid concentrations of 36 ppm in var. Sant’Andrea and Selenio, and at 54 ppm in var. Salvo.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salvo showed root length damage from 54 ppm acetic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Salvoe0
- Treatment
- 54 ppme0
- Outcome
- Root length damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice germination”
e0“Root length damage appeared first at acetic acid concentrations of 36 ppm in var. Sant’Andrea and Selenio, and at 54 ppm in var. Salvo.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length measurements supplied rapid information on varietal tolerance to acetic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- information on varietal tolerance to acetic acide0
- Qualifier
- explicit and speedye0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice germination”
e0“Root length measurements provided explicit and speedy information on varietal tolerance to acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend observing root damage in paddy fields to guide prompt water management.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- direct observation of root damage in paddy fieldse0
- Qualifier
- prompt water management decisions, such as flooding interruptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice germination”
e0“direct observation of root damage in paddy fields is valuable for prompt water management decisions, such as flooding interruption”
The same questions in other papers
acetic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.