Abstract
Soils in the high jungle region of Peru continuously face erosion due to heavy rain, which leads to significant nutrient losses. Leguminous plants may provide a sustainable solution to this problem due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen with the help of symbiotic rhizospheric microbes that reside in their root nodules and help restore soil fertility. The aim of this study was to isolate native rhizobial strains that can form functional nodules in red kidney beans to help improve their growth, development, and yield in field conditions. Rhizobium strains were isolated from soil samples collected from coffee fields using bean plants as trap hosts. The strain RZC12 was selected because it showed good root nodule promotion and a number of PGPR (plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria) attributes. In the field, bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each. The inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control. The dry pod weight produced by the plants inoculated with RZC12 was 3.8 g, whereas the control plants produced 2.36 g of pods. In conclusion, RZC12 is a promising strain that can be used in field conditions to improve the overall productivity of red kidney beans.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 showed good root nodule promotion and PGPR traits.
Verbatim
e0“strain RZC12 was selected because it showed good root nodule promotion and a number of PGPR (plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria) attributes”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 inoculation yielded about 21 nodules per bean plant versus one in controls.
Verbatim
e0“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 increased bean plant length by 72.7%.
Verbatim
e0“increased plant length (72.7%)”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 increased bean leaf number by 58.8%.
Verbatim
e0“number of leaves (58.8%)”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 increased bean fresh shoot weight by 85.5%.
Verbatim
e0“fresh shoot weight (85.5%)”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 increased bean dry shoot weight by 78%.
Verbatim
e0“dry shoot weight (78%)”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 increased bean fresh root weight by 85.7%.
Verbatim
e0“fresh root weight (85.7%)”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12 increased bean dry root weight by 82.5%.
Verbatim
e0“dry root weight (82.5%)”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
RZC12-inoculated beans produced 3.8 g dry pods versus 2.36 g in controls.
Verbatim
e0“dry pod weight produced by the plants inoculated with RZC12 was 3.8 g, whereas the control plants produced 2.36 g of pods”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend RZC12 for improving field productivity of red kidney beans.
Verbatim
e0“RZC12 is a promising strain that can be used in field conditions to improve the overall productivity of red kidney beans”
e1“bean plants inoculated with the strain RZC12 and co-cultivated with coffee plants produced approximately 21 nodules per plant, whereas control plants produced an average of 1 nodule each”
e2“inoculation with RZC12 significantly increased plant length (72.7%), number of leaves (58.8%), fresh shoot weight (85.5%), dry shoot weight (78%), fresh root weight (85.7%), and dry root weight (82.5%), compared with the control”
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