Abstract
There is an urgent need for innovative strategies to raise the performance of environmentally stressed plants. The seeds of single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168 were soaked in Cis-(c-Z-Ck) or trans-zeatin-type cytokinin (t-Z-Ck) solutions at a concentration of 50 or 40 µM, respectively. Salinity stress was imposed at 0, 75 or 150 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solution (full strength) used for irrigation. The total carotenoids content was negatively affected by only 150 mM NaCl, while both 75 and 150 mM NaCl negatively affected the growth and yield components, relative water content, membrane stability index, photochemical activity, gas exchange, K+ and chlorophyll contents, K+/Na+ ratio, and photosynthetic efficiency. However, all of these traits were significantly improved by c-Z-Ck pretreatment and further enhanced by t-Z-Ck pretreatment compared with the corresponding controls. Furthermore, the contents of proline, soluble sugars, ascorbate, and glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, were significantly elevated by both salt stress concentrations and increased more by both biostimulators compared to the control. Compared to c-Z-Ck, t-Z-Ck was superior in mitigating the harmful effects of the high H2O2 levels caused by salt stress on the levels of malondialdehyde and ion leakage compared to the control. Under normal or stress conditions, t-Z-Ck pretreatment was better than c-Z-Ck pretreatment, while both positively affected maize hormonal contents. As a result, t-Z-Ck is recommended to enhance the growth and productivity of maize plants by suppressing the effects of oxidative stress caused by saline water irrigation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 150 mM NaCl, total carotenoids declined.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total carotenoids content was negatively affected by only 150 mM NaCl”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity at 75 and 150 mM NaCl impaired growth and yield components.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both 75 and 150 mM NaCl negatively affected the growth and yield components”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Both salinity levels impaired water status and membrane stability.
- Treatment
- 75 and 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- relative water content, membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both 75 and 150 mM NaCl negatively affected the growth and yield components, relative water content, membrane stability index”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Both salinity levels impaired photochemical activity, gas exchange and photosynthetic efficiency.
- Treatment
- 75 and 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- photochemical activity, gas exchangee0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both 75 and 150 mM NaCl negatively affected the growth and yield components, relative water content, membrane stability index, photochemical activity, gas exchange, K+ and chlorophyll contents, K+/Na+ ratio, and photosynthetic efficiency”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Both salinity levels impaired K+ and chlorophyll contents and K+/Na+ ratio.
- Treatment
- 75 and 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- K+ and chlorophyll contents, K+/Na+ ratioe0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both 75 and 150 mM NaCl negatively affected the growth and yield components, relative water content, membrane stability index, photochemical activity, gas exchange, K+ and chlorophyll contents, K+/Na+ ratio”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Cis-zeatin pretreatment significantly improved the salinity-impaired traits over corresponding controls.
- Treatment
- c-Z-Ck pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- all of these traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- corresponding controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of these traits were significantly improved by c-Z-Ck pretreatment and further enhanced by t-Z-Ck pretreatment compared with the corresponding controls”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Trans-zeatin pretreatment further enhanced the salinity-impaired traits over cis-zeatin pretreatment.
- Treatment
- t-Z-Ck pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- all of these traitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- corresponding controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of these traits were significantly improved by c-Z-Ck pretreatment and further enhanced by t-Z-Ck pretreatment compared with the corresponding controls”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Both salt levels significantly elevated proline, soluble sugars and ascorbate.
- Treatment
- both salt stress concentrationse0
- Outcome
- contents of proline, soluble sugars, ascorbatee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of proline, soluble sugars, ascorbate, and glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, were significantly elevated by both salt stress concentrations”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Both salt levels significantly elevated glutathione and enzymatic antioxidant activities.
- Treatment
- both salt stress concentrationse0
- Outcome
- glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of proline, soluble sugars, ascorbate, and glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, were significantly elevated by both salt stress concentrations”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Both biostimulators further increased osmolyte and antioxidant responses relative to control.
- Treatment
- both biostimulatorse0
- Outcome
- contents of proline, soluble sugars, ascorbate, and glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- increased moree0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of proline, soluble sugars, ascorbate, and glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, were significantly elevated by both salt stress concentrations and increased more by both biostimulators compared to the control”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Trans-zeatin was superior to cis-zeatin in mitigating salt-related malondialdehyde and ion leakage.
- Treatment
- t-Z-Cke0
- Outcome
- levels of malondialdehyde and ion leakagee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- high H2O2 levels caused by salt stresse0
- Comparator
- c-Z-Cke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to c-Z-Ck, t-Z-Ck was superior in mitigating the harmful effects of the high H2O2 levels caused by salt stress on the levels of malondialdehyde and ion leakage compared to the control”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pretreatments positively affected maize hormonal contents.
- Treatment
- t-Z-Ck pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- maize hormonal contentse0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Comparator
- c-Z-Ck pretreatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under normal or stress conditions, t-Z-Ck pretreatment was better than c-Z-Ck pretreatment, while both positively affected maize hormonal contents”
e1“single-cross yellow Zea mays (L.) hybrid Giza-168”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend trans-zeatin to improve maize growth and productivity under saline irrigation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“t-Z-Ck is recommended to enhance the growth and productivity of maize plants by suppressing the effects of oxidative stress caused by saline water irrigation”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →salinity · physiology: osmolytes · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →salinity · physiology: enzyme activity · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.