Abstract
Combined bioaugmentation inoculants composed of two or more plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) were more effective than single inoculants for plant growth and cadmium (Cd) removal in contaminated soils. However, the principles of consortia construction still need to be discovered. Here, a pot experiment with Cd natural polluted soil was conducted and PGPB consortia with different ecological niches from hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance were used to compare their effects and mechanisms on plant growth condition, Cd phytoextraction efficiency, soil enzymatic activities, and rhizospheric bacterial community of Brassica juncea L. The results showed that both rhizospheric and endophytic PGPB consortia inoculants promoted plant growth (6.9%-22.1%), facilitated Cd uptake (230.0%-350.0%) of oilseed rape, increased Cd phytoextraction efficiency (343.0%-441.0%), and enhanced soil Cd removal rates (92.0%-144.0%). PGPB consortia inoculants also enhanced soil microbial carbon by 22.2%-50.5%, activated the activities of soil urease and sucrase by 74.7%-158.4% and 8.4%-61.3%, respectively. Simultaneously, PGPB consortia inoculants increased the relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Rhodanobacter, Kosakonia, Pseudomonas and Paraburkholderia at the genus level, which may be beneficial to plant growth promotion and bacterial phytopathogen biocontrol. Although the four PGPB consortia inoculants promoted oilseed growth, amplified Cd phytoextraction, and changed bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil, their original ecological niches were not a decisive factor for the efficiency of PGPB consortia. therefore, the results enriched the present knowledge regarding the significant roles of PGPB consortia as bioaugmentation agents and preliminarily explored construction principles of effective bioaugmentation inoculants, which will provide insights into the microbial responses to combined inoculation in the Cd-contaminated soils.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizospheric and endophytic PGPB consortia promoted oilseed rape growth by 6.9%-22.1%.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- rhizospheric and endophytic PGPB consortia inoculantse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 6.9%-22.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“both rhizospheric and endophytic PGPB consortia inoculants promoted plant growth (6.9%-22.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia facilitated oilseed rape Cd uptake by 230.0%-350.0%.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortia inoculantse0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
- Value
- 230.0%-350.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“PGPB consortia inoculants promoted plant growth (6.9%-22.1%), facilitated Cd uptake (230.0%-350.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia increased oilseed rape Cd phytoextraction efficiency by 343.0%-441.0%.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortia inoculantse1
- Outcome
- Cd phytoextraction efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 343.0%-441.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“increased Cd phytoextraction efficiency (343.0%-441.0%)”
e1“PGPB consortia inoculants promoted plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia enhanced soil Cd removal rates by 92.0%-144.0%.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortia inoculantse1
- Outcome
- soil Cd removal ratese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 92.0%-144.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“enhanced soil Cd removal rates (92.0%-144.0%)”
e1“PGPB consortia inoculants promoted plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia enhanced soil microbial carbon by 22.2%-50.5%.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortia inoculantse0
- Outcome
- soil microbial carbone0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 22.2%-50.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“PGPB consortia inoculants also enhanced soil microbial carbon by 22.2%-50.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia activated soil urease by 74.7%-158.4%.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Outcome
- soil ureasee0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Value
- 74.7%-158.4%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“activated the activities of soil urease and sucrase by 74.7%-158.4% and 8.4%-61.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia activated soil sucrase by 8.4%-61.3%.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortia inoculantse0
- Outcome
- sucrasee0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Value
- 8.4%-61.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“PGPB consortia inoculants also enhanced soil microbial carbon by 22.2%-50.5%, activated the activities of soil urease and sucrase by 74.7%-158.4% and 8.4%-61.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia increased relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Rhodanobacter and Kosakonia.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortia inoculantse0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Rhodanobacter, Kosakoniae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“PGPB consortia inoculants increased the relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Rhodanobacter, Kosakonia, Pseudomonas and Paraburkholderia”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB consortia increased relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Paraburkholderia.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortia inoculantse0
- Outcome
- Pseudomonas and Paraburkholderiae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“PGPB consortia inoculants increased the relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Rhodanobacter, Kosakonia, Pseudomonas and Paraburkholderia”
Claim · model-written summary
The original ecological niches of consortia were not decisive for their efficiency.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPB consortiae0
- Outcome
- efficiency of PGPB consortiae0
- Qualifier
- original ecological nichese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e0“their original ecological niches were not a decisive factor for the efficiency of PGPB consortia”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.