Abstract
Abstract Chilling is a major constraint on rice production in mountainous regions of the tropics and in the temperate rice‐growing zones of the world. In this study, our goal is to quantify the impacts of chilling at the tillering phases on rice growth and grain yield. In 2017 and 2018, we conducted a factorial chilling treatment at four temperatures (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and four duration days (D2, D4, D6 and D8) on rice plants at the early, middle and late tillering phases. The results showed that chilling at the tillering phases delayed rice growth period. The rice grain yield slightly increased with decrease in chilling temperature but significantly decreased with increase in chilling duration at the tillering phases. For the chilling treatment at T1 (lowest temperature), the D2 (shortest duration) had positive effects on rice yield, while the D8 (longest duration) had adverse effects on rice yield. The middle and late tillering phases were the critical growth phases for rice spike numbers formation, with the increase in temperature and duration, the rice spike numbers per plant significantly decreased. The decrease in chilling temperature and increase in chilling duration both decreased rice thousand‐grain weight under chilling treatments at tillering phases. The prolongation of days from emergence to flowering led to increase in rice aboveground biomass per plant and allocation index of stem; however, the decrease in days from flowering to maturity led to reduction in allocation index of panicle and grain yield under chilling treatments at tillering phases. This study could help farmers to better understand the impacts of chilling on rice growth and yield, especially for rice that are prone to chilling.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling at tillering delayed rice growth period.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- chilling at the tillering phasese0
- Outcome
- rice growth periode0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling at the tillering phases delayed rice growth period.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield slightly rose as chilling temperature decreased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- chilling temperaturee0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice grain yield slightly increased with decrease in chilling temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield significantly fell as chilling duration increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- chilling duratione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldt0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly decreased with increase in chilling duration at the tillering phases”
t0“rice growth and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
At the lowest temperature, shortest chilling duration benefited rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- D2 (shortest duration)e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Qualifier
- T1 (lowest temperature)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the chilling treatment at T1 (lowest temperature), the D2 (shortest duration) had positive effects on rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
At the lowest temperature, longest chilling duration harmed rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- D8 (longest duration)e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- adverse effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the D8 (longest duration) had adverse effects on rice yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Middle and late tillering were critical to spike number formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- middle and late tillering phasese0
- Outcome
- critical growth phases for rice spike numbers formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The middle and late tillering phases were the critical growth phases for rice spike numbers formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice spike number per plant significantly decreased with higher temperature and duration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increase in temperature and duratione0
- Outcome
- rice spike numbers per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the increase in temperature and duration, the rice spike numbers per plant significantly decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower chilling temperature decreased rice thousand-grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- decrease in chilling temperaturee0
- Outcome
- rice thousand‐grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in chilling temperature and increase in chilling duration both decreased rice thousand‐grain weight under chilling treatments at tillering phases.”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer chilling duration decreased rice thousand-grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increase in chilling duratione0
- Outcome
- rice thousand‐grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in chilling temperature and increase in chilling duration both decreased rice thousand‐grain weight under chilling treatments at tillering phases.”
Claim · model-written summary
More days from emergence to flowering increased aboveground biomass per plant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- emergence to floweringe0
- Outcome
- rice aboveground biomass per plante0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The prolongation of days from emergence to flowering led to increase in rice aboveground biomass per plant and allocation index of stem”
Claim · model-written summary
More days from emergence to flowering increased stem allocation index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- emergence to floweringe0
- Outcome
- allocation index of steme0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The prolongation of days from emergence to flowering led to increase in rice aboveground biomass per plant and allocation index of stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Fewer days from flowering to maturity reduced panicle allocation index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering to maturitye0
- Outcome
- allocation index of paniclee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in days from flowering to maturity led to reduction in allocation index of panicle and grain yield under chilling treatments at tillering phases.”
t0“rice growth and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fewer days from flowering to maturity reduced grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering to maturitye0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in days from flowering to maturity led to reduction in allocation index of panicle and grain yield under chilling treatments at tillering phases.”
t0“rice growth and grain yield”
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See all 149 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.