Abstract
The main factors that have a great influence on plant growth, as well as on increasing the yield and its quality characteristics, are biotic and abiotic. Combinations of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat, have a much greater impact on yields and product quality. The response of plants to these stresses can vary depending on the species, as well as at different stages of development. Understanding the mechanisms and how they protect plants from stress has become vital to improving the yield and quality of parsnip products in changing climatic conditions. The research aimed to study the influence of abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation) on yield, duration of phenological phases of plant growth and development, dynamics of growth of leaves and roots of parsnip in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted in the field experiment of the Department of Vegetable Growing and Closed Soil in NL "Fruit and Vegetable Garden" NUBIP of Ukraine in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2015-2017. The area of the accounting plot was 11.3 m2, the repetition of the experiment was 4 times. The arrangement of the research plots was systematic. As a result of research, it is established that the shortest period of sowing-seedlings lasted 16 days in the options for sowing in the 3rd decade of May and the 1st decade of June. Significant delay for 21 days of this period was observed for sowing from the 1st to the 3rd decade of April. The duration of the period from the beginning of root formation to beam ripeness was the smallest for sowing in the 1st decade of April – 28 days, and the largest for sowing in the 1st decade of June – 51 days. The vegetation period ranged from 110 to 165 days and passed for the sum of temperatures (> 10 °С) 1102.4-1439.0 °C and the sum of precipitation 128.1-225.2 mm. During sowing in April, an intensive increase in root crops from 2.9 to 3.5 g/day was observed in the second half of August. During sowing in May, the largest increase in root crops from 2.1 to 2.7 g/day was observed in the first half of September. Thus, for sowing in the 1st decade of June, this figure was highest in the second half of September (1.9 g/day). The option for sowing in the 1st decade of April provided a high yield of root crops of 50.3 t/ha, which is 5.3 t/ha or 11.8% significantly more than the control. When sowing in the following periods, a significant decrease in yield was observed compared to the control, namely: for the 3rd decade of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%, for the 1st decade of May – by 8.8 t/ha, or 19.6%, for the 2nd decade of May – by 17.4 t/ha, or 38.6%, for the 3rd decade of May – by 23.0 t/ha, or 51.1%, for the 1st decade of June – by 31.7 t/ha, 70.6% compared to the control. There was a direct strong relationship (r = 0.74-0.99) between the growing season and yield, root weight, marketability, and biochemical parameters, namely: dry matter, dry soluble matter, sugars, vitamin C. The inverse of the strong (r = -0.98) was observed between the duration of the growing season and nitrates. Increasing the growing season by 10 days increases the yield to 6.9 t/ha, marketability up to 2.7%, root weight up to 31 g, dry matter content up to 0.7%, dry soluble matter up to 0.3%, sugars up to 0,5%, vitamin C to 0.8 mg/100 g and reduces the nitrate content to 8.4 mg/kg. Leaf area, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthesis productivity are in strong direct connection (r = 0.92-0.98) with yield. As the leaf surface area increases to 1.0 thousand m2/ha, the yield increases to 0.7 t/ha. Increasing the photosynthetic potential to 0.05 million m2 per day/ha increases the yield to 0.2-1.2 t/ha. Also, the yield increases to 0.3-0.7 t/ha by increasing the net productivity of photosynthesis to 0.05 g/m2 per day. Promising for further study is molecular knowledge of plant responses to abiotic stress, likely to pave the way for making crops resistant to climate change and increase the economic efficiency of production.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Late May and early June sowing gave the shortest sowing-to-seedling period of 16 days.
- Taxon
- parsnip
Pastinaca sativat0 - Outcome
- period of sowing-seedlingse0
- Direction
- shorteste0
- Value
- 16 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 3rd decade of May and the 1st decade of Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shortest period of sowing-seedlings lasted 16 days in the options for sowing in the 3rd decade of May and the 1st decade of June.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
April sowing delayed the sowing-to-seedling period to 21 days.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- periode0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Value
- 21 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 1st to the 3rd decade of Aprile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant delay for 21 days of this period was observed for sowing from the 1st to the 3rd decade of April.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Early April sowing gave the shortest root-formation-to-ripeness period of 28 days.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- duration of the period from the beginning of root formation to beam ripenesse0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Value
- 28 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the period from the beginning of root formation to beam ripeness was the smallest for sowing in the 1st decade of April – 28 days”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Early June sowing gave the longest root-formation-to-ripeness period of 51 days.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- periode0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 51 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the period from the beginning of root formation to beam ripeness was the smallest for sowing in the 1st decade of April – 28 days, and the largest for sowing in the 1st decade of June – 51 days.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Parsnip vegetation periods ranged from 110 to 165 days.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- vegetation periode0
- Value
- 110 to 165 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetation period ranged from 110 to 165 days”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
April sowing gave root growth of 2.9 to 3.5 g/day in late August.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- root cropse0
- Outcome
- increase in root cropse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.9 to 3.5 g/daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During sowing in April, an intensive increase in root crops from 2.9 to 3.5 g/day was observed in the second half of August.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
May sowing gave maximum root growth of 2.1 to 2.7 g/day in early September.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- root cropse0
- Outcome
- increase in root cropse0
- Direction
- largest increasee0
- Value
- 2.1 to 2.7 g/daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During sowing in May, the largest increase in root crops from 2.1 to 2.7 g/day was observed in the first half of September.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Early June sowing gave its highest root growth of 1.9 g/day in late September.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- figuree0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.9 g/daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for sowing in the 1st decade of June, this figure was highest in the second half of September (1.9 g/day).”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Early April sowing yielded 50.3 t/ha, significantly 5.3 t/ha above control.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- yield of root cropse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 50.3 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 5.3 t/ha or 11.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The option for sowing in the 1st decade of April provided a high yield of root crops of 50.3 t/ha, which is 5.3 t/ha or 11.8% significantly more than the control.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Late April sowing decreased parsnip yield by 3.5 t/ha versus control.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 3.5 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When sowing in the following periods, a significant decrease in yield was observed compared to the control, namely: for the 3rd decade of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Early May sowing decreased parsnip yield by 8.8 t/ha versus control.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 8.8 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When sowing in the following periods, a significant decrease in yield was observed compared to the control, namely: for the 3rd decade of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%, for the 1st decade of May – by 8.8 t/ha, or 19.6%”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-May sowing decreased parsnip yield by 17.4 t/ha versus control.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 17.4 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When sowing in the following periods, a significant decrease in yield was observed compared to the control, namely: for the 3rd decade of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%, for the 1st decade of May – by 8.8 t/ha, or 19.6%, for the 2nd decade of May – by 17.4 t/ha, or 38.6%”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Late May sowing decreased parsnip yield by 23.0 t/ha versus control.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 23.0 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When sowing in the following periods, a significant decrease in yield was observed compared to the control, namely: for the 3rd decade of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%, for the 1st decade of May – by 8.8 t/ha, or 19.6%, for the 2nd decade of May – by 17.4 t/ha, or 38.6%, for the 3rd decade of May – by 23.0 t/ha, or 51.1%”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Early June sowing decreased parsnip yield by 31.7 t/ha versus control.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 31.7 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When sowing in the following periods, a significant decrease in yield was observed compared to the control, namely: for the 3rd decade of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%, for the 1st decade of May – by 8.8 t/ha, or 19.6%, for the 2nd decade of May – by 17.4 t/ha, or 38.6%, for the 3rd decade of May – by 23.0 t/ha, or 51.1%, for the 1st decade of June – by 31.7 t/ha, 70.6% compared to the control.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing season duration correlated positively with yield, root weight and marketability.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- yield, root weight, marketabilitye0
- Direction
- direct strong relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a direct strong relationship (r = 0.74-0.99) between the growing season and yield, root weight, marketability”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing season duration correlated positively with dry matter, soluble matter and sugars.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- dry matter, dry soluble matter, sugarse0
- Direction
- direct strong relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a direct strong relationship (r = 0.74-0.99) between the growing season and yield, root weight, marketability, and biochemical parameters, namely: dry matter, dry soluble matter, sugars, vitamin C.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing season duration correlated positively with vitamin C.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- direct strong relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a direct strong relationship (r = 0.74-0.99) between the growing season and yield, root weight, marketability, and biochemical parameters, namely: dry matter, dry soluble matter, sugars, vitamin C.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing season duration correlated inversely with nitrates.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- growing seasone0
- Outcome
- nitratese0
- Direction
- inversee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inverse of the strong (r = -0.98) was observed between the duration of the growing season and nitrates.”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten additional growing days increased parsnip yield by up to 6.9 t/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the growing season by 10 days increases the yield to 6.9 t/ha”
t0“parsnip”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area, photosynthetic potential and net photosynthesis productivity strongly correlated with yield.
- Taxon
- parsnipPastinaca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- strong direct connectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthesis productivity are in strong direct connection (r = 0.92-0.98) with yield.”
t0“parsnip”