Abstract
Offspring from natural hybrids between octoploid Fragaria chiloensis (2n = 56) and diploid F. vesca (2n = 14) backcrossed under natural conditions to F. chiloensis were studied. The natural F1 hybrids themselves were of three kinds: (1) The expected pentaploids which resulted from the union of normally reduced gametes of diploid F. vesca and octoploid F. chiloensis; (2) A hexaploid F1 hybrid which resulted from the union of an unreduced gamete from diploid F. vesca with a normally reduced gamete from octoploid F. chiloensis; and (3) A 9-ploid F1 hybrid which probably arose from the union of an unreduced gamete of the octoploid F. chiloensis with a normally reduced gamete of diploid F. vesca. The progenies that resulted from the natural backcrossing of each of the three sorts of F1 hybrids to F. chiloensis were as follows: The pentaploid F1 hybrids (2n = 35) yielded mostly 9-ploid offspring from unreduced 5X gametes; a relatively high percentage of 14-ploid plants arising from doubled-unreduced 10 X gametes and a few 2N = ±46 aneuploids from reduced gametes. The hexaploid F1 hybrid (2n = 42) on backcrossing yielded over 50% 10-ploid offspring with the rest 2n = ±50 aneuploids from reduced gametes. The 9-ploid F1 hybrid (2n = 63) on backcrossing yielded mostly aneuploids normally distributed about a modal 2n = 59 chromosome class resulting from a 31 chromosome gamete, with a few 2n = 56 and 2n = 63 euploids. The 9-ploids may facilitate diploid Å octoploid introgression. Screening of the open-pollinated offspring from F. chiloensis revealed almost 2% 12-ploid (2n = 84) offspring from the union of the reduced and unreduced F. chiloensis gametes. The probable genomic constitution of the observed novel ploidy levels and those that theoretically may be generated from the known hybrids are presented. The origin of the existing polyploids from diploids through simple unreduction is postulated.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Natural F1 hybrids included expected pentaploids from reduced gametes.
- Taxon
- F. vesca
Fragaria vescae0 - Material
- pentaploidse0
- Outcome
- union of normally reduced gametese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expected pentaploids which resulted from the union of normally reduced gametes of diploid F. vesca and octoploid F. chiloensis”
Claim · model-written summary
One hexaploid F1 hybrid resulted from an unreduced F. vesca gamete and a reduced F. chiloensis gamete.
- Taxon
- F. vescaFragaria vescae0
- Material
- hexaploid F1 hybride0
- Outcome
- union of an unreduced gametee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A hexaploid F1 hybrid which resulted from the union of an unreduced gamete from diploid F. vesca with a normally reduced gamete from octoploid F. chiloensis”
Claim · model-written summary
A nine-ploid F1 hybrid probably arose from an unreduced F. chiloensis gamete and reduced F. vesca gamete.
- Taxon
- F. chiloensis
Fragaria chiloensise0 - Material
- 9-ploid F1 hybride0
- Outcome
- union of an unreduced gametee0
- Qualifier
- probablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 9-ploid F1 hybrid which probably arose from the union of an unreduced gamete of the octoploid F. chiloensis with a normally reduced gamete of diploid F. vesca”
Claim · model-written summary
Pentaploid F1 backcrosses yielded mostly nine-ploid offspring from unreduced gametes.
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
FragariaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The pentaploid F1 hybrids (2n = 35) yielded mostly 9-ploid offspring from unreduced 5X gametes”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Pentaploid F1 backcrosses yielded a relatively high percentage of 14-ploid plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a relatively high percentage of 14-ploid plants arising from doubled-unreduced 10 X gametes”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Pentaploid F1 backcrosses produced a few aneuploids from reduced gametes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a few 2N = ±46 aneuploids from reduced gametes”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaploid F1 backcrosses yielded over 50% ten-ploid offspring.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hexaploid F1 hybrid (2n = 42) on backcrossing yielded over 50% 10-ploid offspring”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Other hexaploid F1 backcross offspring were aneuploids from reduced gametes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the rest 2n = ±50 aneuploids from reduced gametes”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine-ploid F1 backcrosses yielded mostly aneuploids centered on chromosome class 59.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 9-ploid F1 hybrid (2n = 63) on backcrossing yielded mostly aneuploids normally distributed about a modal 2n = 59 chromosome class resulting from a 31 chromosome gamete”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine-ploid F1 backcrosses also yielded a few 56-chromosome euploids.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a few 2n = 56 and 2n = 63 euploids”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine-ploid F1 backcrosses also yielded a few 63-chromosome euploids.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a few 2n = 56 and 2n = 63 euploids”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly two percent of open-pollinated F. chiloensis offspring were 12-ploid.
- Taxon
- F. chiloensisFragaria chiloensise0
- Outcome
- 12-ploid (2n = 84) offspringe0
- Value
- almost 2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Screening of the open-pollinated offspring from F. chiloensis revealed almost 2% 12-ploid (2n = 84) offspring from the union of the reduced and unreduced F. chiloensis gametes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that nine-ploid plants may enable diploid–octoploid introgression.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 9-ploids may facilitate diploid Å octoploid introgression”
t0“Fragaria”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors postulate that extant polyploids arose from diploids through simple unreduction.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The origin of the existing polyploids from diploids through simple unreduction is postulated”
t0“Fragaria”