Abstract
The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb. When droplet size was maintained at a volume median diameter (VMD) of 250 μm while total spray volume per hectare changed, M. fijiensis ascospore germination on the leaf surface fell below 1% for both fungicides at a droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2. At a droplet deposit density of 50 droplet cm-2, no ascospores germinated in either fungicide treatment. When both droplet size and droplet cm-2 varied while spray volume was fixed at 20 litre ha-1, ascospore germination reached 0% at 10 droplet cm-2 (VMD=602 μm) for both fungicides. At lower droplet densities (2–5 droplet cm-2 VMD=989 μm and 804 μm respectively), ascospore germination on the mancozeb-treated leaves was significantly lower than on the chlorothalonil-treated leaves. The zone of inhibition surrounding a fungicide droplet deposit (VMD=250 μm) on the leaf surface was estimated to extend 1·02 mm beyond the visible edge of the spray droplet deposit for chlorothalonil and 1·29 mm for mancozeb. The efficacy of fungicide spray droplet deposit densities which are lower than currently recommended for low-volume, aerial applications of protectant fungicides was confirmed in an analysis of leaf samples recovered after commercial applications in a banana plantation. Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μm will probably reduce spray drift, increase deposition efficiency on crop foliage, and enhance disease control compared to aircraft calibrated to spray finer droplets. © 1997 SCI.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At a droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 with a 250 μm VMD, ascospore germination on banana leaves fell below 1% for both fungicides.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- a droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2e1
- Interactor
- Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Pseudocercospora fijiensise0pathogen - Outcome
- ascospore germination on the leaf surfacee1
- Direction
- fell belowe1
- Value
- 1%e1
- Qualifier
- for both fungicidese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e1“M. fijiensis ascospore germination on the leaf surface fell below 1% for both fungicides at a droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2”
Claim · model-written summary
At a droplet deposit density of 50 droplet cm-2, no ascospores germinated on banana leaves in either fungicide treatment.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- a droplet deposit density of 50 droplet cm-2e2
- Interactor
- Mycosphaerella fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- no ascospores germinatede2
- Qualifier
- in either fungicide treatmente2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e2“At a droplet deposit density of 50 droplet cm-2, no ascospores germinated in either fungicide treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 droplet cm-2 with a 602 μm VMD, ascospore germination reached 0% for both fungicides on banana leaves.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- 10 droplet cm-2 (VMD=602 μm)e3
- Interactor
- Mycosphaerella fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- ascospore germinatione3
- Direction
- reachede3
- Value
- 0%e3
- Qualifier
- for both fungicidese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e3“ascospore germination reached 0% at 10 droplet cm-2 (VMD=602 μm) for both fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
At lower droplet densities, ascospore germination on banana leaves was significantly lower with mancozeb than with chlorothalonil.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- mancozebe4
- Interactor
- Mycosphaerella fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- ascospore germinatione4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Qualifier
- 2–5 droplet cm-2 VMD=989 μm and 804 μm respectivelye4
- Comparator
- chlorothalonile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e4“At lower droplet densities (2–5 droplet cm-2 VMD=989 μm and 804 μm respectively), ascospore germination on the mancozeb-treated leaves was significantly lower than on the chlorothalonil-treated leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The zone of inhibition around a chlorothalonil droplet deposit on banana leaves was estimated to extend 1.02 mm beyond the visible deposit edge.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonile5
- Interactor
- Mycosphaerella fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- zone of inhibition surrounding a fungicide droplet deposite5
- Direction
- extende5
- Value
- 1·02 mme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e5“The zone of inhibition surrounding a fungicide droplet deposit (VMD=250 μm) on the leaf surface was estimated to extend 1·02 mm beyond the visible edge of the spray droplet deposit for chlorothalonil and 1·29 mm for mancozeb”
Claim · model-written summary
The zone of inhibition around a mancozeb droplet deposit on banana leaves was estimated to extend 1.29 mm beyond the visible deposit edge.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- mancozebe5
- Interactor
- Mycosphaerella fijiensisPseudocercospora fijiensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- zone of inhibition surrounding a fungicide droplet deposite5
- Direction
- extende5
- Value
- 1·29 mme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e5“The zone of inhibition surrounding a fungicide droplet deposit (VMD=250 μm) on the leaf surface was estimated to extend 1·02 mm beyond the visible edge of the spray droplet deposit for chlorothalonil and 1·29 mm for mancozeb”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide spray droplet deposit densities lower than currently recommended were confirmed to be effective on banana leaves sampled after commercial applications in a plantation.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- fungicide spray droplet deposit densities which are lower than currently recommendede6
- Outcome
- efficacye6
- Comparator
- currently recommendede6
- Setting
- banana plantatione6
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e6“The efficacy of fungicide spray droplet deposit densities which are lower than currently recommended for low-volume, aerial applications of protectant fungicides was confirmed in an analysis of leaf samples recovered after commercial applications in a banana plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Calibrating spray aircraft to 30 droplet cm-2 with a 300-400 μm VMD will probably reduce spray drift compared with aircraft spraying finer droplets.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μme7
- Outcome
- spray drifte7
- Direction
- reducee7
- Qualifier
- will probablye7
- Comparator
- aircraft calibrated to spray finer dropletse7
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e7“Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μm will probably reduce spray drift, increase deposition efficiency on crop foliage, and enhance disease control compared to aircraft calibrated to spray finer droplets”
Claim · model-written summary
Calibrating spray aircraft to 30 droplet cm-2 with a 300-400 μm VMD will probably increase deposition efficiency on banana foliage compared with aircraft spraying finer droplets.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μme7
- Outcome
- deposition efficiency on crop foliagee7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- will probablye7
- Comparator
- aircraft calibrated to spray finer dropletse7
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e7“Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μm will probably reduce spray drift, increase deposition efficiency on crop foliage, and enhance disease control compared to aircraft calibrated to spray finer droplets”
Claim · model-written summary
Calibrating spray aircraft to 30 droplet cm-2 with a 300-400 μm VMD will probably enhance disease control compared with aircraft spraying finer droplets.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μme7
- Outcome
- disease controle7
- Direction
- enhancee7
- Qualifier
- will probablye7
- Comparator
- aircraft calibrated to spray finer dropletse7
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb”
e7“Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μm will probably reduce spray drift, increase deposition efficiency on crop foliage, and enhance disease control compared to aircraft calibrated to spray finer droplets”
The same questions in other papers
mancozeb · Pseudocercospora fijiensis · MusaResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · control · MusaPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fungicide · control · MusaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.