Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were grown in a greenhouse with roots divided between sand irrigated with nutrient solution (–0.097 MPa) or nutrient solution containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) (–0.570 MPa) to compare the effect of unequal root zone stress on plant water relations of a C4 (sorghum) and a C3 (sunflower) plant. Roots also were divided between two pots of sand irrigated only with nutrient solution (controls) or only with PEG in nutrient solution. In addition to plant water-status measurements, photosynthetic rate, growth (height, root, and shoot dry weights), and evolution of ethylene (a gaseous hormone indicative of stress) were measured. Under all three split-root treatments, sunflower had a lower leaf water potential and produced more ethylene than sorghum. Sunflower was able to survive the PEG stress if half of its root system was under nonstressed conditions. Sunflower with half its root system irrigated with PEG usually had values of leaf water potential, osmotic potential, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, ethylene evolution, height, and dry weights that were close to those of the control plants. Sunflower with all roots exposed to PEG was wilted severely. Sorghum was little affected by PEG stress applied either to half or all the root system. Growth of sorghum was the same under all treatments. Apparently because stomata of sorghum were more closed in the partial stress test than those of sunflower, sorghum conserved water and had a higher leaf water potential, which might have permitted growth with stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Under split-root treatments, sunflower had a lower leaf water potential than sorghum.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- split-root treatmentse1
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- sorghume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under all three split-root treatments, sunflower had a lower leaf water potential and produced more ethylene than sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Under split-root treatments, sunflower produced more ethylene than sorghum.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- split-root treatmentse1
- Outcome
- ethylenee1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- sorghume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under all three split-root treatments, sunflower had a lower leaf water potential and produced more ethylene than sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower survived PEG stress when half of its root system was under nonstressed conditions.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Treatment
- PEG stresse2
- Outcome
- survivee2
- Qualifier
- if half of its root system was under nonstressed conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Sunflower was able to survive the PEG stress if half of its root system was under nonstressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
With half its roots irrigated with PEG, sunflower leaf water potential, osmotic potential and stomatal resistance were close to those of controls.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Treatment
- half its root system irrigated with PEGe3
- Outcome
- leaf water potential, osmotic potential, stomatal resistancee3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Sunflower with half its root system irrigated with PEG usually had values of leaf water potential, osmotic potential, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, ethylene evolution, height, and dry weights that were close to those of the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
With half its roots irrigated with PEG, sunflower transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and ethylene evolution were close to those of controls.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Treatment
- half its root system irrigated with PEGe3
- Outcome
- transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, ethylene evolutione3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Sunflower with half its root system irrigated with PEG usually had values of leaf water potential, osmotic potential, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, ethylene evolution, height, and dry weights that were close to those of the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
With half its roots irrigated with PEG, sunflower height and dry weights were close to those of controls.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Treatment
- half its root system irrigated with PEGe3
- Outcome
- height, and dry weightse3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Sunflower with half its root system irrigated with PEG usually had values of leaf water potential, osmotic potential, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, ethylene evolution, height, and dry weights that were close to those of the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
With all roots exposed to PEG, sunflower wilted severely.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse4
- Treatment
- all roots exposed to PEGe4
- Outcome
- wiltede4
- Qualifier
- severelye4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Sunflower with all roots exposed to PEG was wilted severely”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum was little affected by PEG stress applied to half or all of the root system.
- Treatment
- PEG stress applied either to half or all the root systeme5
- Outcome
- affectede5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- littlee5
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Sorghum was little affected by PEG stress applied either to half or all the root system”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum growth was the same under all treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Growth of sorghum was the same under all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum stomata were more closed than sunflower stomata in the partial stress test.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“stomata of sorghum were more closed in the partial stress test than those of sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In the partial stress test sorghum had a higher leaf water potential than sunflower.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum conserved water and had a higher leaf water potential”
e7“stomata of sorghum were more closed in the partial stress test than those of sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum conserved water, apparently because its stomata were more closed.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum conserved water and had a higher leaf water potential”
e7“stomata of sorghum were more closed in the partial stress test than those of sunflower”
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